Transcript Bio-Molecules

Organic Molecules:
Chemical compounds containing Carbon
What are we made of?
Carbon (C)
Hydrogen (H)
Oxygen (O)
Nitrogen (N)
Phosphorous (P)
Atoms
Molecules
Macromolecules
Food
Metabolism
Cells
Metabolism
Building Blocks
Vocabulary Check
Explain the
difference
between
monomers and
polymers based on
the picture to the
right!
Organic Molecules
Carbohydrates (sugars)
Proteins
Lipids(fats)
Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA)
Carbohydrates
(Sugars)
2:1 ratio between Hydrogen and Oxygen. (CH2O)
Monomer = Monosaccharides
Monosaccharides (simple sugars) C6H12O6
glucose, fructose, and galactose
Disaccharides (double sugars) sucrose and
lactose
Polysaccharides (complex sugars) starch,
cellulose, and glycogen
Carbohydrate Functions
Quick energy foods (1 gram contains 4
calories of energy): glucose, sucrose,
and fructose. Central role as energy
source.
Storage (starch in plants, glycogen in
animals)
Structure (cellulose and chitin)
Food Sources for Carbohydrates
Protein
Monomer =
amino acids.
Each amino
acid contains
an NH2 or
amino group
and a CO2H or
carboxyl group
Examples
Actin/ Myosin
Hemoglobin
Antibodies
Enzymes: amylase, protease
Protein Functions
Movement: Makes up muscle tissue (actin
and myosin).
Transport: Carries oxygen in organisms
(hemoglobin).
Immunity: Helps fight off foreign invaders
(antibodies).
Enzymes: Speed up chemical reactions
(amylase and trypsin).
Energy source (1 gram = 4 cal of energy).
Food Sources of Protein
Lipids
Monomer= Fatty Acid
Examples: Fats, Steroids, Cholesterol,
and Wax-allows plants to store water.
They are found surrounding internal
organs, in each cell membrane, and
clogging arteries and veins.
Main Types of Fats
Saturated: No double bonds
between the carbons
Solid at room temperature
Found mostly in animals.
Unsaturated: Double bonds
between some of the
carbons
Liquid at room temperature
Found mostly in plants
Lipid Functions
High Energy food. 1 gram contains 9 cal
of energy.
Protects vital organs
Insulates the body
Stores food for later use
Food Sources for Fats
Energy Review
Nucleic Acids
Monomer =
nucleotides
Examples are:
DNA
(Deoxyribonucleic
acid) and RNA
(Ribonucleic acid)
genetic
information
storage.
Monomers Build Polymers