Transcript Organic Molecules

Organic Molecules
• Carbon = building block of organic
molecules
• Carbon is unique
– 2nd electron level not full
– Only has 4 electrons in 2nd level
– Will bond up to four times
• Monomer: Small carbon molecules
– Ex: Amino acid
• Polymer: chain of linked
monomers
– Ex: Protein
Amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acid
Polymer
(protein)
Is Carbon stable with
4 electrons in its outer
layer?
So what do atoms do
when they are
unstable?
Is Hydrogen stable
with 1 electron in its
layer?
Problem: Drawing dot
diagrams is time
consuming. Try this
instead!
Carbon creates 4 bonds to be stable
Carbohydrates
• Readily available food source
• C1: H2: O1 ratio
– Ex: Glucose = C6 H12 O6
• Monomer: Monosaccharides
– Simple sugars
– Bond to form larger sugars
• Polymer: Polysaccharide
– Complex sugars
Glucose
(monosaccharide)
Sucrose
(Polysaccharide)
Fructose
(monosaccharide)
Monomers
Polymers
Monosaccharides (simple
sugars)
polysaccharides
Amino Acids
Proteins
Nucleotides
Nucleic Acids
Fatty Acids
Lipids (triglycerides)
Carbohydrate Polymers: Polysaccharide
• Long chain of monosaccharides
• Ex: Starch (pictured) : excess plant sugar converted &
stored
• Ex: Glycogen: animal starch stored in liver & muscles
• Ex: Cellulose: used in plants to make cell walls
Review
1) How many electrons does Carbon have in the 1st energy
level? 2nd energy level?
2) Which type of organic molecule is most commonly used
as energy for cells?
3) If a carbohydrate has 8 carbon atoms, how many oxygen
and hydrogen atoms will it most likely contain?
4) What are the monomers of carbohydrates called?
5) What are the polymers of carbohydrates called?
6) Which polymer is stored by animals?
7) Which polymer is stored by plants?