Transcript Natural Polymers What is a Polymer?

http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lecturesf04am/lect02.htm
Condensation
Hydrolysis
A polymer is a giant molecule formed
by many smaller molecules called
monomers.
They form in the process of
condensation, and water is freed.
They break apart in the process of
hydrolysis, when water is used up.
A natural polymer is a polymer that is found naturally in nature they range from the
shells of different crustaceans, to wood, potatoes, and most importantly DNA and
RNA. It can easily be said that there is a natural polymer in just about everything
not created by people. The formation of plastics and textiles and fake rubbers
(along with many other synthetic polymers) have all been created by looking at,
than experimenting with natural polymers.
“Optical micrograph shows a
cluster of tiny beads filled with
bone cells. The beads are
made with alginate, a natural
polymer found in certain types
of seaweed.”
As seen in the other
presentations, the
name is derived from
the Alkanes, Alkenes,
and Alkynes that they
are derived from. In The
case of polymers, the
name is taken from the
monomers that form
the polymer.
Poly N-acetylglucosamine (chitin)
http://pslc.ws/mactest/natupoly.htm
A more complex
way of naming a
natural polymer is
by stating the
order of the amino
acids, which can
number from 50 to
1,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,0
00,000,000,000,00
0,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,0
00.(10^66) An
example of this
huge number is
insulin.
http://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/projects/eli_lilly/images/eli1.jpg
http://www.pslc.ws/mactest/natupoly.htm
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A polypeptide is by literal terms a linear
chain of amino acids linked by peptide
bonds( when two amino acids link together
it is known as a peptide bond). “Protein,
though used colloquially to refer to any
polypeptide, refers to larger or fully
functional forms and can consist of several
polypeptide chains as well as single chains.
Proteins can also be modified to include nonpeptide components, such as saccharide
chains and lipids”..Poly peptides all have side
chains that in essence determines the
chemical properties of the amino acid.
“Primary Structure The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain The sequence of R
groups determines the properties of the protein
A change of a single amino acid can alter the function of the protein
Secondary Structure Folding and coiling due to H bond formation between carboxyl and amino
groups of non-adjacent amino acid. R groups are NOT involved.”
Alpha Helix
http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lecturesf04am/lect02.htm
http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lecturesf04am/lect02.htm
Nucleic acids are more
seen in the end bonds of a
chemical chain(commonly
named nucleotides). The
numbers they are primarily
seen at are the 3 and 5
positions. There are three
components to a
nucleotide, a pentose
sugar, a phosphate group,
and a nucleotide base.
“Nucleic acids are polymers
formed from linking of various
nucleotides”
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http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lecturesf04am/lect02.htm
Polysaccharides are used in structure and
in energy storage, they are primarily called
“sugars” or “carbohydrates” as well as
being seen in chitin ( The shells of
seafood.)
http://www.pedestrian.tv/uploads/images/podcasts/471ff2b63604c/LIL-JON.GIF
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http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lecturesf04am/lect02.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer#Monomers_.2F_Repeat_Units
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopolymer#Conventions_and_nomenclature
http://farm1.static.flickr.com/89/242183520_581fcc27b4_o.jpg
http://pslc.ws/mactest/natupoly.htm
http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Pl-Pr/Polymers-Natural.html
http://www.chemheritage.org/EducationalServices/FACES/poly/readings/nat.htm
http://www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu/~sabedon/campbl05.htm
http://pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmac/natural.htm
http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/565proteins.html
http://www.quia.com/hm/563128.html
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