Transcript Aqua Cave Template

Unit 4 Introduction…
Internal Systems
and Regulation
The Vitruvian Man
Symmetry of the human body…and the Universe!
• a man's height is four cubits (and thus 24 palms)
• the length of a man's outspread arms is equal to his
height
• the distance from the hairline to the bottom of the
chin is one-tenth of a man's height
• the distance from the top of the head to the bottom
of the chin is one-eighth of a man's height
• the maximum width of the shoulders is a quarter of
a man's height
• the distance from the elbow to the armpit is oneeighth of a man's height
• the length of the hand is one-tenth of a man's
height
• the length of the ear is one-third of the length of the
face
A Little Food History!
• 400 BC: Hippocrates
said that food was
medicine…but couldn’t
tell people which foods
to eat.
• 1800’s – Salem, NJ:
Sam Johnson ate a
tomato in public to
prove that they were
not poisonous.
Dr. NO!
• 1800’s – Minister Sylvester Graham
told everyone:
• No meat (It leads to sex)
• No spices
• No Caffeine
• No Alcohol
• No Doctors (They bleed you out!)
• Said that an unhealthy diet
stimulated sexual desire which
irritated the body and led to disease.
• His followers were called
“Grahamites”
• His substitute for sex was…
The ‘Graham’ Cracker!
To Eat or Not to Eat…
• Our food is full of chemicals…an apple
contains over 300 different compounds
• We are skeptical about food because
technology has allowed us to measure
in parts per trillion!
• 1 pp trillion is the same as 1 second in
32 000 years!
• “Paralysis by analysis”
Who do you trust?
• Herbert M. Shelton
• Ran a health school in
Texas
• Repeatedly charged with
practicing medicine without
a licence (at least 2
students died from
starvation)
• Said “all medicines are
poisons”; “eating more than
one type of food at a meal
is undesirable; and “fasting
is a safe and valuable
method of cleansing the
body”
Who do you trust?
• Harvey and Marilyn
Diamond
• Claimed that enzymes
are “life force”
• Fruits are only healthy
if they are eaten alone
• Carbs and proteins
should not be eaten at
same time
• Dot not eat dairy
products
• Lots of bad/unscientific
advice out there!
Homeostasis
All of our organ systems work together
to maintain Homeostasis
Homeostasis is a steady internal state,
keeps conditions in the body constant.
Examples:
1.
Blood Pressure (circulatory
system)
2.
Respiration Rate (respiratory
system)
3.
Body Temperature (circulatory
system)
4.
Blood Sugar (digestive and
circulatory)
The brain and the adrenal system
(hormones) do most of the regulating.
Nutrition Basics
Remember the ‘big three’?
• Carbohydrates
(glucose needed for cellular resp.)
• Proteins
(amino acids are building blocks)
• Lipids
(long term E storage)
There are three more players
that are vital to our survival…
Vitamins
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Individual Units…not long
chains
assist in the release of energy
form Carbs, Fats and PRO’s
(coenzymes)
Measured in milligrams (mg)
13 different vitamins
Examples:
• Vitamin C…infection
resistance and prevention of
scurvy (oranges).
• Vitamin A…helps us to see
better (found in carrots)
• Vitamin D…bone
mineralization (if not
enough…Rickets! – softening
of bones = fractures)
Minerals
• Inorganic elements
• They do not yield
energy
• 16 are known to be
essential to humans
Examples:
• Calcium (bones), Iron
(blood cells), Zinc
(enzymes), Fluorine
(nice teeth!)
Water
• Provides the
environment in
which nearly all the
body’s activities are
conducted.
• Helps with
metabolic reactions
• Transporter of vital
materials and waste
products
Healthy Eating & Exercise
• Canada’s Food Guide
• Government
recommendations
Regular Exercise
Builds muscle
Increases metabolism
(body’s ‘burning’ of energy)
Decreases body fat
“24 Hour Food Challenge”
• How did you do?
• Daily Calorie
Requirements
Health Issues
Anorexia Nervosa
• Significant weight
loss resulting from
excessive dieting.
• Motivated by the
strong desire to be
thin and a fear of
becoming obese.
• Anorexics usually
strive for perfection.
Signs and Symptoms
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Noticeable weight loss
Becoming withdrawn
Excessive exercise
Always being cold
Muscle weakness
Obsession with food, calories, recipes
Excuses for not eating meals (ie. ate
earlier, not feeling well)
Physical/Medical Complications
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Fatigue and lack of energy
Amenorrhea (loss of menstruation)
Skin problems
Dizziness and headaches
Dehydration
Shortness of breath
Irregular heartbeats, cardiac
failure…death.
Bulimia
• A cycle of binge
eating followed by
purging to try and
rid the body of
unwanted calories.
• A binge is different
for all individuals.
Signs and Symptoms
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Binge eating
Secretive eating (food missing)
Bathroom visits after eating
Vomiting
Laxative, diet pill or diuretic abuse
Weight fluctuations (usually 10-15 lb
range)
Physical/Medical Complications
• Fatigue and lack of energy
• Amenorrhea (loss of menstruation)
and irregular menstruation
• Dizziness
• Headaches
• Dehydration
Health and the Media
• Can have positive influences – Dove
Self Esteem Campaign
• Can have negative influences – diet
fads
• Case Study Page 254 Computer Lab
Time
– Questions 1-5 – As they are.
– Question 6 – What are the elements of a
healthy diet? What do you believe to be
the healthiest diet?