Transcript Chapter 9
Chapter 9 looks at factors that motivates our behavior, sexuality, efforts to achieve and emotions. Emotions are closely related to Motivation & Motivation is closely related to Emotions Poem… When I’m angry I feel like turning into HULK I will feel strong and BULK I will smash, crash, and ruin anything in sight But when I see the destruction I now know I can’t function when I am ANGRY By: Brandon McCrimmon, age 12 1. Activation: Decision to pursue Example: A student signing up for PSY101 2. Persistence: Continued efforts with obstacles Example: Tests in PSY101 3. Intensity: Energy used to respond Example: Emotional relief when goals are achieved (finished) 1. Instinct Theories (1800’s - 1900’s): We behave the way we do because of “genetic programming” Example: Neat & Tidy Person = “cleanliness instinct” Example: There is an innate characteristic for geese to fly south in the winter Problem: Labeled behavior (Lack of explanation) Replaced by 2. Drive Theories (1940’s – 1950): We are motivated to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs Example: Hunger = stomach hurts/growls… one eats Theory: Homeostasis = bodies monitor levels of internal states (fluid levels). When our bodies drop below a normal level one is driven to balance the level Example: Get thirsty = one drinks Problem: behavior is not only motivated by physiological needs Example: People eat when they are not hungry and do not eat when they are hungry. 3. Incentive Motivation (1950’s): External goals (such as rewards) motivates behavior Example: Job promotion Problem: Unable to explain behaviors that are not motivated by an external reward Example: Plain curiosity 4. Psychological Motives (Late 1950’s to Now) Hierarchy of Needs By: Abraham Maslow Self-Actualization Achieving full potential Example: Give Back to Society Individualized or Self-Fulfillment Needs Esteem Needs Prestige, Feeling of Accomplishment Example: Pride in graduating Belongingness & Love Needs Social Needs or Psychological Needs Relationships, Love, Friends Example: Not just sex but B.F.F. Relationships Safety Needs Security Example: When one feels safe, we move on to developing relationships Physiological Needs Food, Water, Warmth, Rest Example: Babies trusting their caregiver(s) Biological Needs or Basic Needs Theorist develop their own language. The pyramid of “Hierarchy of Needs” is Maslow’s language. Maslow says, when needs are met at one level individuals are motivated to move to the next level in the pyramid. As our network of people grows and life changes, we go back and forth from levels. Example: If there was a world trauma (hurricane) one might have to start over. Maslow might also say, if one has difficulty committing to relationships as an adult one may have not had their physiological needs meet by a caregiver as a baby. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EH04OsNuvcw Psychological: Emotional States (Depression, Stress, Anxiety Biological: Internal Tension (Hunger, Thirst) Social: Foster Relationships (Friends/Family for Dinner, Business Meetings Cultural Factors: Typical Diet Oral Sensations: Pleasure & Satisfaction of Eating Obesity: 400/500 pounds (U.S. 64% of people are overweight/obese) Anorexia Nervosa: Starve Themselves Description: A psychological eating disorder in which a person refuses to eat adequately in spite of hunger and loses enough weight to become emaciated. The person eats very little, and refuses to stop dieting after a reasonable weight loss. Body perception is distorted; the person sees self as “fat” when she/he is at or below a normal weight. Anorexia primarily affects teens and young adults. Signs & Symptoms; Thin (Weight loss of at least 25% of body weight without physical illness) Gray around mouth Intense fear of obesity Depression Loss of concentration & fatigue Cold intolerance Blue nails Menstrual cycles irregular Thinning hair Growth of fine body hair Distorted body image Loss of breast tissue High blood pressure Abnormal heart function Kidney complications Bulimia: Eat & Purge (vomit) Description: A psychological eating disorder characterized by abnormal perception of body image, constant craving for food and binge eating, followed by self-induced vomiting or laxative use. Bulimia primarily affects teens and young adults. Signs & Symptoms; Recurrent episodes of binge eating (rapid consumption of a large amount of food in a short time, usually less than 2 hours), plus at least 3 of the following: • Preference for high-calorie foods during a binge • Secretive eating during a binge • Patients are aware their eating pattern is abnormal, and they fear being unable to stop eating • Termination of an eating binge with purging measures (laxative use or self-induced vomiting) • Depression & guilt following an eating binge • Repeated attempts to lose weight with severely restrictive diets, self-induced vomiting and use of laxatives or diuretics. • Frequent weight fluctuations greater than 10 pounds • Takes enamel off teeth after a period of time • Can cause internal tears • Loss of concentration & fatigue • Swollen glands • Chronic sore throat • High blood pressure • High blood sugar Media gives us a false interpretation of attraction Media makes up its own version of attraction by creating pictures that are not realistic Why allow media to trick us? Remember, we are not perfect and what seems today may not be tomorrow: In college I dated a boy who thought I had a big nose. His comments made me feel ugly. After five years of dating he broke up with me for a “better looking” girl. A year later he was in a devastating car accident that broke his hips, tore off one ear and parts of his face. The “better looking” girlfriend broke up with him after the accident because he no longer met her standards of attraction. I met Scott, the love of my life. He tells me everyday how beautiful I am and I don’t have a big nose. I look back in my life and wonder why I let my body image bother me so much (maybe it was media). Well, McCrimmon was HOT. : ) • This photo was airbrushed • 8 hours to create • She is a professional model • She has her own hair-stylist & make-up artist Things to look for in Breanna’s Picture: • Perfect • Cat like eyes (sexy) • Long eyelashes • Open pupil (sign of love) • Bright iris “color of eye” (unique) • White sclera “eye” (white sclera usually means healthy person) • Rosy cheeks (sign of love) • Red lips • Small nose Breanna is a normal person; just like you and I. Things society does to make one more “attractive”: Make-up Dye hair Curl or cut hair Fake nails High-heel shoes Whiten teeth Shave unwanted hair Apply man-made scents to the body Extreme things society does to meet the “standards” for attraction: Plastic surgery Eating Disorders “I decide; no one can make me a prisoner of cosmetic products. I’m beautiful in just my skin. Makeup gives me the chance to hide from the world when I need a break” By: PSY 235 Student, Fall 2013 You will always find others attractive and others will always find you attractive. Do not fall in medias trap; thirsting for an impossible look. You are ALL beautiful!