Transcript DH 201 Spec Pts PPT

According to the World Health Organization, a
disability is “any restriction or lack (resulting
from any impairment) of ability to perform an
activity in the manner or within the range
considered normal for a human being.”
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The World Health Organization's definition of a
handicap is the "loss or limitation of opportunities
to take part in the life of the community on an
equal level with others; encounter a person with
disability and social, physical environment.
Is an inability to accomplish something one might
want to do. The term emphasize the focus on
shortcomings in the environment and in many
tasks and activities, ex. in education occupation,
information or communication (social dimension)."
Another way to dissect the terms "disability"
and "handicap" is to look at the degree of
inability a person experiences.
A Person is completely unable to do something,
then that would be considered a disability.
If the person is simply limited in doing
something, then that is considered a handicap.
For example, being bound to a
wheelchair is a disability but
needing crutches to help you
walk is a handicap because you
can still walk.
One difference between the two terms is
political correctness. Society views the term
"disabled" as a politically correct way of saying
"handicapped." If you want to be politically
correct in your language and are not interested
in the subtle difference between these two
terms, use "disabled."
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Stages of adolescence
Early – 10-13 yrs
2. Middle – 14-17 yrs
3. Late – 18-21 yrs
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Pubertal changes
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Rapid changes in body size, shape, composition
Between ages 9-17, usually completed in 3-4 years
Influenced by diet, race, heredity
Females begin puberty before males
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Hormones maintain body homeostasis
Hormones are transported by blood or lymph
Major endocrine glands
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pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenals, gonads
Hormone imbalance = physical and mental disturbances
Effects reproductive system development and
function
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Hormonal influences
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Ovaries (estrogens)
Testes (androgens)
Female development
Male development
Growth spurt
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Poor coordination
Need: fuel, activities, rest
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Changes
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Independence from parents
Importance of body image
Peer codes and lifestyles
Establishment of identity
Relevance in oral hygiene care
Understand growth patterns
 Insight into changes to direct motivation
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Anxiety
Increased self-interest
Growing independence
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Authority figures questioned
Concern over physical characteristics
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Acne
Obesity
Delayed/early development
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Related to hormonal influence
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Under nutrition
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Males highest need, 2nd only to pregnancy
Boys: overactivity and poor diet
Girls: voluntary diet restrictions, poor diet
Eating disorders
Iron deficiency anemia
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Girls after onset of menses
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Oral manifestations of STDs
Tobacco use
Illicit drug use
Oral contraceptives and pregnancy
Eating disorders
Body piercings
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One form of early-onset periodontal disease is
known as localized juvenile periodontitis.
Juvenile periodontitis typically may be first
observed in individuals around puberty, ages
11 to 13. The two forms of juvenile
periodontitis are generalized and localized. The
localized form has characteristic clinical
features
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Short-term antibiotic therapy in conjunction
with non-surgical treatment can have a
significant impact on the loosely adherent flora.
Conservative therapy may arrest the
periodontal breakdown
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Patient approach
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Don’t lecture, highlight positive, show interest
Patient history
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Health history questions
Personal responsibility
Parental approval/clearance
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Localized juvenile periodontitis is not a
common finding in clinical practice. However,
it does have a significant prevalence in the
population. In the United States, the highest
prevalence of localized juvenile periodontitis is
among the African-American population.
Females may be more susceptible than males
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If the disease process is observed at a very
early stage, treatment can include subgingival
scaling and root planning in conjunction with
antibiotic therapy.
The bacteria associated with this disease
process are particularly susceptible to
antibiotics such as tetracycline or doxycycline..
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Dental caries
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Diet, growth demands, emotional stress
Periodontal infections
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Biofilm-induced puberty gingivitis, exaggerated response
Risk factors for periodontitis
 Poor OH, ortho, plaque accumulation, systemic factors
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Destructive periodontal diseases
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Aggressive or chronic, localized or generalized
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Patient education
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Caries control program
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OHI and motivation
Instrumentation, Fluoride tx, and re-evals throughout
growth
Instruction in self-care procedures
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Encourage nutritional awareness
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An eating disorder is an illnesses that cause
serious disturbances to your everyday diet,
such as eating extremely small amounts of
food, severely overeating or binging and
purging
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Eating disorders frequently appear during the
teen years or young adulthood but may also
develop during childhood or later in life.1,2
Common eating disorders include anorexia
nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating
disorder (pg 984- Darby)
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Description
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Characteristics
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Complete and permanent cessation of menstruation
Usually 47-55 yrs
 Hot flashes, headaches, night sweats, sleeping problems
 Vaginal dryness and infections
 Emotional disturbances, mood swings, anxiety,
 Weight gain
Postmenopausal effects
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Bone problems, fragile skin, predisposition to HBP, diabetes,
atherosclerosis
•Associated with decreased estrogen levels
include, Night sweats and sleeping problems which
may lead to feeling tired, stressed and or tense
• Emotional disturbances Alterations in estrogen
level may result in mood swings, depression,
irritability, and difficulty with concentration or
memory
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Thinning of the oral epithelial lining and
decreased keratinization
Glossodynia- burning sensations of the tongue
Altered taste perception ( salty, peppery, sour)
Xerostomia, and Alveolar bone loss
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Appointment suggestions
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Patient instruction
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Saliva substitutes, OHI, fluoride therapies
Diet
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Efficiency, calmness, room temperature
Noncariogenic, fiber, low-fat, calcium, low alcohol,
decrease caffiene
Fluoride therapies-Home applied FL2, for all in this age
group
A common nutritional deficiency that accompanies
the onset of menstruation is:
A) vitamin A
B) vitamin D
C) iron
D) magnesium
E) folate
The master endocrine gland that regulates the
output of hormones by other glands is:
A) thyroid
B) parathyroid
C) pancreas
D) adrenal
E) pituitary
E) pituitary
The pituitary gland is the master gland that
regulates hormone output by other glands. The
thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, and adrenal
glands are the major glands that secrete
hormones that regulate growth and development,
energy production, food metabolism,
reproductive processes, and the body response to
stress.
C) iron
Lack of iron due to blood loss during
menstruation can cause iron deficiency anemia.
The other deficiencies would be commonly
associated with dietary factors.