Transcript Renaissance and Reformation in Europe

Renaissance and Reformation
in Europe
1300-1600
Europe during the Renaissance
Time of
Change
By 1350, new attitudes and interests sprang up.
 Old ideas of humility, poverty, and asceticism were
drying up.
 New desires for pleasure, status, and large fortunes
were the desire of this era.
 National monarchies had replaced the old feudal
ways.

What was the Renaissance?
Renaissance, French word for "rebirth"
 What was reborn?
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A desire to imitate the classical world of Greece &
Rome.
A time of creativity and change, spirit of adventure.
Christian teachings could
no long answer all their
questions.
A time of intellectual and
economic changes that
occurred in Europe.
What were the causes of
the Renaissance?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Lessening of Feudalism.
Rise of National Monarchies.
Rise of the Middle Class.
Rise in universities.
Birth of the printing press.
Writing in the common
language of the people.
Renaissance Music
Music began to change and the
types of instruments used.
 With the rise of humanism, sacred
music began for the first time.
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Broke free from the confines of the
Church.
Secular music thrived during this
period.
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Instrumental and dance music was
performed in abundance.
Renaissance Arts
Emphasized individual talent
in painting, sculpture,
architecture, literature and
music.
 Architecture returned to the
domes and columns of
ancient Greece and Rome.
 Painters and sculptors
turned to new techniques.

Old Art vs. New Art
New art expressed individuals values & emotions.
 New art focused on secular, mythological, and
religious themes.
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Realism.
Perspective.
Balance and Proportion.
The medieval artists (old art) often
painted bland two dimensional
pictures.
 The Renaissance artists painted
three dimensional pictures.
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Humanism
The spirit of the Renaissance.
 A new intellectual movement that
started in Italy.
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Studied classical cultures & writings
philosophers Greek and Romans.
Focused on secular (non-religious) themes not religious.
Concerned about business, politics and leisure time.
Loss of respect for Church and feudal lords, looked
elsewhere for answers.
Appreciation for the arts as a product of mankind; not
just a religious symbol.
Why Did the Renaissance
Begin in Italy?
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Center of the Roman civilization.
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Different families controlled the large and
wealth city-states of Florence, Milan, and
Venice.
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Remains of Roman architectural and artistic fields.
Small independent states, centers of trade and
manufacturing.
A wealthy merchant class stressed education
and individual achievement.
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Spent lavishly on the arts.
Italy during
the
Renaissance
Impact of Books
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ideas and discoveries of the Renaissance
traveled around the world.
Printed books were cheaper and easier
to produce.
Books were more readily available, more
people learned to read.
Readers gained access to a
broad range of knowledge
and ideas.
Causes of the Reformation
1.
2.
3.
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Church corruption.
Questioning the papal authority.
Development of personal devotions.
Church’s political influence and wealth.
Indulgences.
German and English nobility disliked Italy’s
dominance of the church.
Merchants wealth.
Printing Press.
Influence of the Printing Press
Immediate Results
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Germany
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North converted to Protestantism,
Hapsburg family remained Catholic.
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France
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War between Protestants and Catholics resulted in devastating loss
(Thirty Years’ War).
Edict of Nantes granted freedom of worship to Protestants.
Thirty Years’ War changed from religious to political.
England
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Bloodshed ended and united the British Isles under the
Anglican Church.
Rise of Reformation contributed to the growth of capitalism.
Counter Results of the Reformation

Catholic Church mounted reforms to
reassert its authority.
 Reforms
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Society of Jesus was founded to spread
Catholic doctrine around the world.
 The
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agreed to at the Council of Trent.
Jesuits.
The Inquisition was established to
reinforce Catholic doctrine.
Long Terms Results
Changing cultural
values and
traditions.
 Growth of
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 secularism.
 individualism.
 religious
tolerance.
Reformed
Europe in
the late
1600s