Transcript The Renaissance and Reformation

The Renaissance and Reformation
Mrs. Hart, Mrs. Costello, Mrs. Suto, and Ms.
Soddano
The Renaissance
The time period in Europe from the 1300s to the
1600s was known as the Renaissance. It was a
golden age for Europe, a period of rebirth after
the “Dark Ages”.
Roots of the Renaissance
The Renaissance began
northern Italy where
the city-states were
thriving centers of
trade. Merchants had
great wealth and were
willing to spend it on
the arts and education.
Humanism
A new way of
thinking
developed called
humanism. It
emphasized the
achievements
of the individual
and looked at
worldly issues
instead of
religious ones.
Renaissance Art
The Renaissance produced some of the greatest
paintings, sculptures, and architecture in the history
of the world. They returned to the Greek and Roman
styles of columns, arches, and domes. The art of the
Renaissance differed from that of the Middle Ages
because in addition to religious subjects, artists also
realistically portrayed other important figures of the
time.
Renaissance Art
Renaissance artists learned the rules of perspective,
the technique used to give art a 3-D effect. They
studied human anatomy and worked from live
models, so they could portray the body with
accurate details.
Renaissance Artists
Michelangelo: sculptor, engineer, painter and poet.
He is best known for his mural on the ceiling of the
Sistine Chapel in the Vatican in Rome. He also
sculpted the Pieta, the Virgin Mary holding Jesus
Christ after his death.
Renaissance Artists
Leonardo da Vinci: a multitalented man, whose most
famous painting was the
MonaLisa. He was also an
inventor, engineer,
botanist, musician,
mathematician, and writer.
He made sketches of flying
machines and underwater
boats long before they were
invented.
Renaissance Artists
Raphael: an architect and artist One of his
most famous paintings was Little Angels.
Northern European
Artists
The Renaissance did not
start in northern
Europe until a hundred
years after it started in
Italy. Some famous
artists include Albrecht
Durer, Jan and Hubert
Van Eyck, and Pieter
Brugel.
Renaissance Writers
In the late Middle Ages, people began to write in the
everyday language of ordinary people. The humanist
ideas of Renaissance authors spread more quickly as
a result. Writers of this period included Dante,
Cervantes, Shakespeare, and Machiavelli.
The Printing Press
Johann Gutenberg invented the
printing press in the mid-1400s.
Effects of this invention included:
* Books became cheaper and
easier to make.
* More people learned to read
and write because books were
more readily available.
* People had access to new
knowledge.
* Printed bibles increased the
spread of religious ideas.
Reformation
The Reformation was a religious movement in
Europe that brought about great changes for both
the Catholic Church and people’s every-day lives.
Causes of the Reformation
1. Humanism led people to question Church authority and
to use human reason.
2. Strong monarchs were emerging, who at times
increased their power by supporting reformers
against the Church.
3. People began to object to the power of Church
leaders. They also did not like some Church
practices including fees for marriages and baptisms,
and selling of indulgences.
Martin Luther
Martin Luther
wanted to reform
or change thd
Catholic Church
because he was
disgusted over the
sale of indulgences.
He posted his 95
Theses on the door
of a church in
Wittenberg
Germany.
John Calvin
Founded the Presbyterian
Church in France. He
believed that Christians
could only reach heaven
through prayer and faith.
He promoted the idea of
predestination, or the
belief that God had
determined before the
beginning of time who
would be saved.
King Henry VIII
Henry VIII broke from the
Catholic Church for
political reasons. He wanted
a divorce because he wanted
to remarry and try to have a
son. The Catholic Church
would not grant him one, so
he took over the English
Church. He ordered convents
and monasteries closed, and
seized the wealth and land of
the Catholic Church in
England. The new Church
was called the Anglican
Church.
Catholic Counter-Reformation
As the Protestant Reformation continued to spread,
more and more people were leaving the Catholic
Church. To keep Catholics from converting, the
Catholic Church started the Counter-Reformation.
This movement looked to reform the Catholic faith,
and strengthen the Church through moral discipline,
prayer,and meditation.
Effects of the Reformation
• Loss of religious unity.
• Religious conflicts that led to wars.
• Accusations of witchcraft increased as peoples’ religious
fervor increased.
• Anti-Semitism or persecution of the Jews
increased.