Transcript Topic 7: The Rise of Western European Intellectual Movements

TOPIC 7: THE RISE OF WESTERN
EUROPEAN INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENTS
World History Mr. Kallusingh
RENAISSANCE
Renaissance means rebirth. It was a rebirth of
society, mainly Greek and Roman
 The world changed from rural to urban, and
people began to emphasize self before society

ITALIAN CITY-STATES
Milan- was on a major trade route, had a well
organized government that was setup by
Visconti family and Francesco Sforza
 Venice- was built on trade and run by
aristocrats, became an international power
 Florence- run by the Medici family and was the
birthplace of the renaissance

ITALIAN CITY-STATES
Venice
Florence
Milan
AN ERA OF AWAKENING

Humanism- the study of the classics, which is
ancient Greek and Roman grammar/ rhetoric/
poetry/ philosophy/ history
INFLUENTIAL ARTIST
Leonardo Da Vinci- Mona Lisa, Last Supper
 Michelangelo- Sistine Chapel, Sculpture of
David
 Raphael- Virgin Mary, School of Athens
 Jan Van Eyck- first to use oil
 Albrecht Durer- copied Italian ideals, Adoration
of the Magi

ARTIST
INFLUENTIAL WRITERS
Dante- Divine comedy that talks about the
soul’s journey to salvation
 Chaucer- writes the Canterbury Tales
 Christine de Pizan- writes The Book of the City
of Ladies that talks about women rights
 Machiavelli- writes the Prince that is about how
to be a ruler
 Castiglione- writes The Book of the Courtier
that explains how to act in public

PRINTING PRESS

Johannes Gutenberg made the printing press
which allowed for manuscripts to be more
abundant
 What
are going to be some of the effects
of the printing press on society?
NORTHERN RENAISSANCE
Where did the Renaissance start?
 Then it moved to Europe due to trade and the
printing press
 Famous writers emerged like Erasmus and
More who wrote Utopia
 Famous painters emerged especially from the
Flemish school

PROTESTANT REFORMATION
Problems with the church were the pope was
more concerned with politics than he was
spiritual matters, church officials were more
concerned with making money (indulgences),
they did not know how to help people get
salvation
 Important people early were the Christian
humanist like Erasmus

PROTESTANT REFORMATION
Martin Luther nailed the ninety-five theses to
the church to complain about the many
problems
he
witnessed.
He
was
excommunicated and made an outlaw
 Ulrich Zwingli brought about the idea of
abolishing relics and images
 John
Calvin introduced the idea of
predestination
 King Henry VIII wanted an annulment but the
pope refused

COUNTER REFORMATION
Eventually the Catholic Church realized they
had to make changes or lose all their followers
 The church leaders came together at the
Council of Trent and made changes; no more
indulgences, faith and good works for salvation,
kept seven sacraments, kept Eucharist, kept
clerical celibacy

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
Copernicus- presented that the universe was
heliocentric(sun) not geocentric(earth)
 Kepler- proved Copernicus was right
 Galileo- invented the telescope and proved all
objects fall at the same rate
 Newton- he discovered the laws of motion and
gravitation
 Other Ideas that were discovered were calculus
and chemistry, the microscope was invented as
well
