Transcript 6) Renaissance & Reformation Beginnings

Crisis and Rebirth in Europe
Late Medieval to the
Renaissance 1300-1650
Reformation and Renaissance
Botticelli’s Birth of Venus
To Review—
Economic, Social and Health
Crisis
• - Famine- partly bad weather
• - Plagues caused havoc
• Bubonic and Pneumonic
• - Peasant revolts- reduced population
– lords still wanted work- not enough serfs
• Two major revolts during the Hundred Years War.
Giovanni Bellini, The
Madonna of the Meadow
Other changes taking place
• Feudalism breaking down towns
increasing and kings becoming stronger
raise own armies- issue right to tax
• England - long struggle to establish Tudor
kings (War of Roses)
• Spain - Christians uniting to force out
Moors
• Russia forces out the Mongols
• Ottoman Turks take Byzantium 1453
Domenico
Ghirlandaio’s Piero
di Medici
Religious Crisis
• Western Church spits with the Eastern orthodox
1054
• Papacy moves to Avignon- French king
powerful- resented by others
• Vote for another pope- establishes two popes called The Western Schism
– Pope in Rome and Anti-pope in Avignon
• @ one point there would be 3 people claiming to be pope.
• Corruption, conflict - selling church position and indulgences
for sins led to the beginnings of The Reformation
Botticelli’s Primavera
Intellectual Reawakening
The Renaissance
• Began in Italy- means “rebirth” some see
as beginning of modern age with
emphasis of individualism
• Rebirth of classics- began to study
Aristotle, Plato reconcile antiquity with
Christianity
• Humanism- saw potential in humansbelief in education, change and hope
The Ambassadors. Hans
Holbein
Philosophy of Renaissance
• To make people virtuous , see the
possibility in improving
• Looked to Greeks and Romansrecognized they were superior
• Your social studies classes try to make
you an “educated, well rounded human i.e.
renaissance (wo)man.”
Michelangelo's The
Last Judgment
Heavy Hitters of the Renaissance
• Da Vinci
– Painter and inventor (genius)
• Michelangelo
– Sculpture
• Raphel
– Realism
• Machiavelli
– “The Prince”
• A guidebook on how to rule.
The Reformation
• Many movements to reform- John Hus in
1415 had called for end of corruption went
to Council at Constance- burned
• Council said they were directly connected
to God and everyone had to listen
• Popes themselves had not the models of
virtue
Michelangelo’s The
Creation of Adam
The Reformers
• John Wycliff
– 14th century who called for major changes
within the church
– Probably the 1st to translate the Bible into
English
• Johann Gutenberg
– Invented the printing press which allowed the
ideas of religious change to take hold.
Melozzo da Forli’s Angel
Musician
Northern Renaissance
• Shared some of the ideas of the Italian
Renaissance. Before 1450, Renaissance in
the really only in City-States of Italian.
• Unlike the Renaissance in Italy, thinking
started to focus on the centralized
government. This weakened the church’s
position in the north and west.
Giotto’s Lamentation
Reformation
• This is a History 102 Topic, but many of
the people and events shaping the
Reformation were in the 14th and 15th
centuries.
• The Reformation was a movement in the
16th century to reform the Catholic Church.
– Martin Luther and his 95 theses would be the
major event of the movement.