Transcript Renaissance

MODERN WORLD
HISTORY
An Introduction- The Basics
Questions to consider:
Discuss the following with your neighbor, be ready to share
your answer…

Your thoughts???

Does History repeat itself?

Can we learn from the past? Examples?
Now and Then…..

Do you think there is anything to be learned
from past events that could help with current
events?
Unit I- Enduring Understandings
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Geography themes of location, place, movement,
human-environment interaction and region are
useful tools for understanding history and current
events.
A society’s values can be seen through their cultural
and scientific achievements
Challenges to the social and political order
frequently come from radical new ideas.
Technology, commerce, and religion cause cultures
to interact, exchange and conflict with one another.
Every society has developed some political system by
which either the one, the few, or the many rule over
others.
Unit I- Essential Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How does geography affect people and
societies?
How can ideas change the world?
What is globalization and when did it begin?
What happens when different cultures
interact? Why do technology, commerce and
religion have an impact on inter-cultural
interactions?
What is the proper relationship between
citizens and their government?
SEEDS OF CHANGE: EMERGENCE OF
THE 1ST GLOBAL AGE (1450-1770)
Unit I
The Modern World History Journey
“Time to pack your back pack”
Before we begin on our trip throughout history we must
make sure that we have the fundamentals down!
*
*
*
*
*
Fundamental understanding of World Geography
Grasp of the major World Religions
Knowledge of the Reformation
Recognizing the impact of the Renaissance
Comprehension of the Enlightenment theories
related to government and society.
Unit Overview
By the end of the Journey, you will be experts in
the following areas….







World Geography and Religions
The Renaissance
The Reformation
The Scientific Revolution
Explorations and the Columbian Exchange
Absolutism
Intro to Enlightenment
MWH FUNDAMENTALS!
1.
Geography * Label Countries
* Geography Primer
* Complete Europe, Asia Maps and Africa
2.
* There will be a geography quiz!
World Religions* Brainstorm on Religions
* Complete Religion Chart
* Notes on World Religion- Power point
* Where in the World activity
Geography Primer
How Many Continents? Name them.
How Many Oceans?
Global Map
Geography Primer
Largest Country?
Smallest Country?
Most populated?
Most Densely Populated?
Name that Country!
Map Time!

Map hand outs- Complete the 2 maps ofEurope and Asia. Using the classroom set text
books and label the required locations for each
map as assigned.
World Religions

What are the major religions of the world?
In order by membership:
1.
Christianity- 2 Billion
2.
Islam- 1.3 Billion
3.
Hinduism- 900 Million
4.
Buddhism- 360 Million
5.
Traditional Chinese Religion- 225 Million
6.
Judaism- 14 Million
Religions of the World
WORLD RELIGIONS
Interactive Map
World Religions: A Comparison
Buddhism
Name of Deity
The Buddha did not teach a personal deity
Founder
The Buddha
Holy Book
No one book—sacred texts including the Perfection of
Wisdom Sutra
Leadership
Buddhist monks and nuns
Basic Beliefs
Suffering and sorrow caused by selfish desires. Persons
achieve complete peace and happiness (nirvana) by
eliminating material possessions.
World Religions: A Comparison
Christianity
Name of Deity
God
Founder
Jesus Christ
Holy Book
Bible (Old and New Testaments)
Leadership
Clergy (priests, ministers, etc.)
Basic Beliefs
There is only one God; Jesus Christ was the son of God.
He died to save humanity from sin, making eternal life
possible for others; Persons achieve salvation by
following teachings of Jesus
World Religions: A Comparison
Hinduism
Name of Deity
Three main Gods: Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva
Founder
No one founder
Holy Book
No one book, sacred texts including the Vedas, the
Puranas
Leadership
Guru, Holy Man, Braham priest
Basic Beliefs
The soul never dies but is continually reborn
(Reincarnation); Persons achieve happiness after
freeing themselves of earthly desires, Freedom from
earthly desires comes from lifetime of worship,
knowledge, and virtuous acts.
World Religions: A Comparison
Islam
Name of Deity
God (Allah)
Founder
Muhammad
Holy Book
Qur’an (Koran)
Leadership
No clergy
Basic Beliefs
Persons achieve salvation by following the Five Pillars
of Islam and living a just life. These pillars are faith,
alms giving, fasting (Ramadan), pilgrimage to Mecca,
and daily prayer (5x a day).
Difference between Islam and Muslim…


Islam is the religion and Muslims are
people who understand, believe, and
practice Islam.
Islam is to Christianity what Muslims are to
Christians.
World Religions: A Comparison
Judaism
Name of Deity
God (Yahweh)
Founder
Abraham
Holy Book
The Torah (First five books of the Old Testament –
which is the Hebrew Bible)
Leadership
Rabbis
Basic Beliefs
There is only one God (monotheism); God loves and
protects his people but also holds people accountable
for their sins and shortcomings; Persons serve God by
studying the Torah and living by its teachings.
“The Backpack”
Backpack Check1. Grasp of World Geography X
2. Understanding of World ReligionsX
3. Renaissance
4. Reformation
5. Scientific Revolution
6. Absolute Monarchy
7. The Enlightenment
How did we get to the
Modern Era???

What do all the above movements
have in Common?


Questioning and challenging existing
institutions…. Asking if the way of the day was
just or was it “how it should be”
All of these movements sought CHANGE
What institution was challenged by each
movement?

With a partner, list each movement and write
down what you know about it and what you think
was “challenged” or changed by the movement.
Renaissance
 Reformation
 Exploration
 Scientific Revolution
 Enlightenment


Be prepared to share your answers
Changing the status quo….
 Renaissance-
Changed life and the way people lived
 Reformation Exploration-
Changed the power of the Church
Changed the boundaries of the world
 Scientific
Revolution- changed the power of the Church
and the beliefs of the time related to nature
 Enlightenment-
Changed the acceptance of AutocracyMonarchs and Dictators
Background
The Renaissance followed
Middle Ages
the late ____________
(1300s), a time of great
suffering due to wars,
famines, and plague.
bubonic plague (the
 The _______
“Black Death”) swept
through Europe after
1347.
 25 million died –one third
of Europe’s population!
 Music, arts, and sciences
ignored as people focused
trying to survive
on _______________.

The Plague….

News reel footage of a village devastated by the
plague… (warning: some scenes are graphic)

Body collection and disposal
How was
the plague
spread?
Renaissance




After centuries of suffering through war and the
plague, people wanted to enjoy life.
A movement began to embrace the celebrations of
the past, in art and culture, and to move away
from the dreary world promoted by the church.
This movement became known as the
Renaissance, or Rebirth.
CHANGED the way people lived and celebrated
life
Renaissance




The Renaissance began in northern Italy around
1300, and later spread to the rest of Europe.
The Renaissance began in Italy because the rest of
Europe was caught up in War, particularly England
and France (Hundred Years War.)
Italy also had a wealthy merchant class- able to
support the arts- they were referred to as Patrons.
The most famous and wealthy of the Italian families
were the Medici family.
Renaissance
Renaissance




This is the era of history characterized by the
achievements of Michelangelo and Leonardo da
Vinci.
Michelangelo is best known for his sculpture of
David and his painting of the Sistine Chapel.
Da Vinci is best known for his painting, The Mona
Lisa.
Both of these men were well versed in many fields
and as such inspired the term “Renaissance Man”.
Renaissance
Da Vinci
Renaissance
Da Vinci’s Mona Lisa
Renaissance
DaVinci’s “The Last Supper”
Renaissance
Da Vinci’s Other Works
Renaissance
DaVinci’s Inventions
Renaissance
DaVinci’s Anatomical Studies
Renaissance
Da Vinci Anatomical Drawings
Images
Renaissance
Michelangelo
Renaissance
Michelangelo
Renaissance
Images of Michelangelo’s work
Sistine Chapel
more images
Renaissance
Michelangelo- David
Printing Press: Why Important?




Less errors than hand-copied
texts.
Books mass produced and
became cheaper and more
accessible.
New ideas traveled more
quickly, spread more
widely, and became
permanent.
People began to read --and
interpret- things for
Technology of the Renaissance
The most significant invention of the Era was
without a doubt, the Gutenberg Bible.
Renaissance
The Gutenberg Printing Press was invented during
this time. Extremely important in that it allowed
ideas and literature to spread more rapidly than
ever before. The key was “moveable type”.
The Best known work was the Gutenberg Bible,
published in 1455.
Gutenberg Bible
180 produced. 48 exist today (not all complete).
Legacy of the Renaissance
Cultural rebirth and revival
of classical thought/culture.
 Strong sense of individualism.
 Increase in secularism
(the separation of church and gov)
 Greater questioning of Church
and religion.
 More educated and literate
population.
 Emergence of materialism.

Legacy of the Renaissance
Led to burst of creativity.
 Led to spread of new ideas.
 Renaissance belief in the
importance of the individual
played key role in gradual
rise of democratic ideas.
 Globalized the world with advances in
technology

 The
world was connected by trade
Niccolo Machiavelli

Italian intellectual and
government official.

Wrote The Prince in 1513.

Guidebook on how rulers
can gain and keep power.

Controversial ideas are still
studied and practiced today.
Machiavelli’s Key Ideas
feared
Safer for rulers to be _____
than loved.
Trickery more effective in
 ________
obtaining one’s goals than
honesty
________.
 Acquiring and maintaining
power
________
more important
than being a “good” leader.
 Leaders should do what’s
politically effective, not what
morally right .
is ___________

What does “Machiavellian” mean?
Describes ruler who …
• Is politically cunning and crafty.
• Practices duplicity ( uses treachery,
deceitfulness, trickery, dishonesty).
• Uses any means to stay in power.
• Favors the use of arbitrary power.
Renaissance
The Renaissance changed Life.
It changed daily life and it changed the expectations
people had for life in the present.
Prior to the Renaissance, people lived and accepted
dreary lives because of the promise of a more
fulfilling and happier life after death.
The Reformation

The Reformation grew out of growing criticism of
the Catholic Church and the Pope.

For Centuries, the Pope had been the most
powerful figure in all of Europe.

However, the power of the Pope and the Church,
became an opportunity for abuse by many.
The Reformation

People began to criticize the practices of the
Church.

One particular practice that drew a lot of criticism
was the selling of “Indulgences”.
* Basically if a person contributed enough money
to the church they would be given an indulgence, or
pardon, for their sins. The church told people that
this would shorten their time in Purgatory.
The Reformation





One of the foremost critics of this practice and the
power of the Pope was Martin Luther.
Martin Luther published his work “The 95 Theses”.
His work was published and news spread quickly
all over Germany.
This began the “Reformation” or the reform of the
church.
Reformers became known as “Protesters”, and as a
result the new faiths that began were referred to as
“Protestant”.
Luther’s followers became known as “Lutherans”.
The Reformation

King Henry VIII- began the Anglican church as a
result of an argument with the Pope.
King Henry VIII wanted a divorce
 The Pope would not allow the divorce because of the fact
the King’s wife, was the Aunt of the Holy Roman Emperor
–Charles V.
 King Henry VIII started the Anglican Church just to get
divorced.



John Calvin- Calvinism
John Knox- Presbyterian Church (based on Calvin’s
teachings)
The Reformation




In response to the Reformation, the Catholic
Church underwent internal reforms.
As a result, new orders within the Catholic church
were created. This was known as the Catholic
Reformation.
Ignatious of Loyola founded the Jesuit order.
3 goals- Creation of schools, conversion to
Christianity, and stopping Protestantism.
The Reformation
The Reformation is significant as a stepping stone
towards the Enlightenment in that it changed the
most powerful entity in the world- The Catholic
Church.
ABSOLUTISM


The power lost by the Church as a result of the Reformation,
was quickly seized by those known as Absolute Monarchs.
An Absolute Monarch controls all government power,
including the ability to make laws, enforce the law, and
interpret and apply the law.

•
•
•
•
What is a potential problem with a monarch having absolute power?
In the United States, how are these responsibilities divided?
Why?
Absolute Monarchs justified their rule by a the Divine Right
Theory
Idea that God created the monarchy and that the Monarch was
God’s representative on Earth
Absolutism

Absolute Monarchs controlled everything from Religious to Social
Gatherings.

As the Monarchies grew, so did the size of their courts and their newly
created bureaucracies

(non-elected government officials who make decisions based on the beliefs of the
monarch)

The most powerful of these Monarchs was Louis XIV of France.

Absolute Monarchy might be best reflected in the excesses of Versailles.

Pg. 141 in text

Palace of Versailles
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION



What was the Scientific Revolution?
Fact based questioning of nature as taught by
the church.
Made possible in light of the Church’s
weakened position after the Reformation.
 Scholars/scientists questioned accepted ideas
about nature, earth and the universe
 Old Science v. New Science
 Old Science based on religion and observation
 NEW SCIENCE based on math, logic, reason,
and data
 Use of the Scientific Method (developed by
Francis Bacon).
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

Influences
 Renaissance
 Education of the Classics
 Secularism- Free from Religious rule and influence
 Criticisms of the Catholic Church
 Exploration
 Drive to better understand tides, weather, winds,
currents,
 Foreign technology-astrolabe
Scientific Revolution

New Discoveries
Heliocentric Theory –sun-centered universe
 Advancements in Medicine—vaccinations
 Scientific Instruments

Microscope
 Telescope


•
Law of Gravity
Made possible by peoples willingness to question
and change the status quo of beliefs.
- inspired by the questioning of Status Quo in both the Renaissance
and the Reformation.
The Enlightenment
The Renaissance, Reformation, and the Scientific
Revolution were all important steps in inspiring the
Enlightenment thinkers to challenge and change the
prevailing thoughts on government and society.
Enlightenment

Enlightenment Overview
 People
try to apply the scientific approach to all
aspects of society
 Political scientists propose new ideas about
government
 Philosophers advocate the use of reason to discover
truths
 Address
social issues through reason
Enlightenment

Causes
 Ideals
of the Renaissance
 Individualism,
teachings
 Scientific
secularism, rebirth of classical
Revolution
 Logic,
reason, mathematics
 New way of thinking based on willingness to question
assumptions
 Absolutism
 Reaction
to government of total control
 Questioning of Theory of Divine Right
Characteristics of Enlightened
Thought





Ideas incorporating the themes listed below
were heavily discussed during this era
REASON-justification
HAPPINESS-What makes people happy?
LIBERTY-freedoms
PROGRESS-tolerance, diversity, science
NATURE- outside (plants, earth, universe, etc)
and inside (emotion, human interactions, etc)
Thomas Hobbes



Believed that people were born selfish and
societies needed government to protect
themselves from their own selfishness
All political power should be representative of the
people
Without Government….“Life is nasty, brutish,
and short.”
Jean –Jacques Rousseau
Believed in the freedom of the
individual
 Only good government was one formed
freely by the people
 The Social Contract: people agree to
create a gov and society that favors the
common good

“Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains.”
Montesquieu



Praised the British System of
Government featuring a limited
Monarch.
He is famous for his articulation
of the theory of separation of
powers in government;
executive, legislative and judicial
branches along with Checks and
Balances.
His ideas had the greatest
impact on the shaping of the U.S.
government and its Constitution.
“Liberty is the right of doing whatever
the laws permit.”
John Locke




Believed that the ultimate purpose of government was to
protect it’s people’s natural rights- life, liberty and
property.
If a government fails to do so, than the people have the right
to overthrow the government.
Arguments concerning liberty and the social contract later
influenced the written works of Thomas Jefferson, and other
Founding Fathers of the United States.
Two Treatises of Government had a profound influence on
the writing of the Declaration of Independence and
Constitution
"Wherever Law ends, Tyranny begins."
Voltaire





His intelligence, wit and style made him one of France’s greatest
writers and philosophers
He was attracted to the philosophy of John Locke and ideas of Sir
Isaac Newton
In favor of RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE and interested in the study
of the natural sciences
Strong advocate against censorship and for the freedom of speech.
His writings heavily influenced the First Amendment of the United
States.
Adam Smith




“Consumption is the sole end and purpose of all
production; and the interest of the producer ought to be
attended to, only so far as it may be necessary for
promoting that of the consumer.”
A Physiocrat- Applied Enlightenment thought to
Economics.
Scottish philosopher and physiocrat famous for his book,
“The Wealth of Nations” written in 1776
Father of modern capitalism and influential in the
formulation of laissez faire (hands off) economics and
American Capitalism
The Backpack!
Backpack Check1. Grasp of World Geography X
2. Understanding of World ReligionsX
3. Renaissance
X
4. Reformation
X
5. Scientific Revolution
X
6. Absolute Monarchy
X
7. The Englightenment
X