Transcript Entamoeba histolytica

Anti-dysenteric
Ipecacuanha
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DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
ANDHRA PRADESH
Name
Designation
Branch
Institute
Year
Subject
Subject Code
Topic
Sub-Topic
Duration
Teaching Aids
: R.D.L.P.Christian
: Lecturer in pharmacy
: Pharmacy
: GPW, Srikakulam(088)
: I year
: Pharmacognosy
: PH-103
: Anti-dysenteric
: Ipecacuanha
: 50 min.
: PPT, Photographs
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OBJECTIVES
On completion of this period you would be able to
learn about :
The monograph of the Anti-dysenteric drug
IPECACUANHA
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ANTI-DYSENTERIC DRUGS - DEFINITION
• The drugs and agents which have Amoebicidal activity
• Used to cure or prevent Amoebic dysentery
• Amoebic dysentery is caused by the protozoa
Entamoeba histolytica
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Fig.48.1 Ipecac plant
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IPECAC
Syn: Ipecacuanha
• Biological Source : Dried rhizomes and roots of
Cephalis ipecacuanha
Cephalis acuminata
• Family
: Rubiaceae
• Geographical Source:
Rio or Brazilian ipecac (C. ipecacuanha) from Brazil,
India, Myanmar & Malaysia,
Panama & Cartagena ipecac (C. acuminata) from
Columbia, Panama, Nicaragua & India
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CULTIVATION, COLLECTION & PEPARATION
Grown in the foot hills of Himalayas
Sowing of seeds in mid Jan and Feb
Germination (treatment with lime water and
Hydrogen peroxide)
Two month old seedlings
Transplanted 10 X 10cm spacing
Temp 23-28o C
Uprooted after 3 years of vegetative growth, dried
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Fig.48.2 Cephalis ipecacuanha plant & roots
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MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS
• Brazilian ipecacuanha
Root :
Colour : Dark brick red to dark brown
Odour : Faint
Taste : Bitter
Size : upto 150mm length and 6mm thick
Shape : found in tortuous pieces
Rhizome :
Colour : Brick red to dark brown
Size : about 2mm in dia attached to root
Shape : Cylindrical
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MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS
Panama ipecacuanha
Colour
Odour
Taste
Size
Shape
: Greyish brown to reddish brown
: Faint
: Bitter
: larger than Brazilian- 9mm thick
: Cylindrical
Extra features: Annulations are present in Brazilian
variety and absent in Panama variety. Ridges are
present encircling the roots in both
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CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS
• Contains 2-2.5% of Isoquinoline alkaloids
• The alkaloids are Cephaeline, Psychotrine,
Psychotrine methyl ether and Emetine
• The alkaloids are closely related and can be
interconverted
• Also contains ipecacuanhic acid, Glycoside, Starch,
Phytosterol, Maleic acid, Citric acid, Sugar, Resin, Fat,
calcium oxalate etc.,
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STANDARDS
• Total ash
: not more than 5%
• Acid-insoluble ash
: not more than2%
• Foreign organic matter : not more than 1%
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CHEMICAL TESTS
1.
500 mg drug +20 ml HCl + 5ml Water
shake well & filter
Filtrate + 0.5 mg Potassium chlorate
Yellow colour changing to Red onstanding
due to emetine
2.
Drug + sulphuric acid + molybdic acid
Bright green colour
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USES
•
In small doses as an Expectorant
•
In large doses as an Emetic
•
Used in Amoebic dysentery
•
Emetine is used as Anti-tumour
•
Ipecac syrup is used as Antidote
because of its emetic properties
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DOSE
Emetine hydrochloride:
1mg per kg body weight, SC or IM injection
Should not exceed 60 mg
Max. upto 5 days
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ALLIED PLANTS
• Various genera belonging to Rubiaceae
Contain Emetine
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SUMMARY
In this class we learnt about :
• The monograph of the Anti-dysenteric drug IPECAC
• Ipecac contains Iso-quinoline alkaloids
and other constituents
• Important alkaloids are Emetine, Cephaeline and
Psychotrine
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QUIZ
1. Ipecac can be used as
a) Expectorant
b) Emetic
c) Anti-amoebic
d) Above all
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QUIZ
2. The plant part of Ipecac that is used
a) Root
b) Rhizome
c) Both
d) None of the above
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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
1.
Write the Botanical Source and Morphological features
of Ipecac
2.
Write the Chemical Constituents and Uses of Ipecac
3.
Give example for an anti-dysenteric drug.
Mention the Biological Source and Chemical
constituents
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