Transcript Cardiac Tonics

PERFUMES AND FLAVOURS
•Orange oil, Lemon grass
oil, Sandal wood
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PH103.59
Department of Technical Education
Andhra Pradesh
Name
Designation
Branch
Institute
Year/Semester
Subject
Subject code
Topic
Duration
Sub Topic
Teaching Aids
: BVSN Murty
: Lecturer in Pharmacy
: PHARMACY
: Govt.,Polytechnic for Women, Srikakulam
: I Year
: Pharmacognosy
: PH-103
: PERFUMES AND FLAVOURS
: 50 Mts
: Orange oil, Lemon grass oil, Sandal wood
: PPT, PHOTOGRAPHS
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Recap
In the last class we learnt about :
The monographs of Flavouring agents & Perfumes
Lemon oil
Peppermint oil
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Objectives
On completion of this period you would be able to
know:
•Definition of Perfumes and Flavours and monograph of
Orange oil, Lemon grass oil, Sandal wood
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Known to Unknown
1. Can you tell the name of one oil which is a source of
vitamin A?
2. Is it orange oil (or) coriander oil (or) lemon grass oil
Ans. Lemon grass oil
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Orange oil
Synonym
Sweet orange oil
Oleum Auranti
Biological sources :
It is the volatile oil obtained
from the fresh orange peels of
Fig.59.1 Orange fruits
Citrus aurantium
Citrus sinenses
Family : Rutacceae
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Orange oil
Geographical source:
India, Spain
West Indies
Morocco
Sicily
In India
Karnataka,
Andhra Pradesh,
West Bengal and
Punjab
Fig.59.2 Orange tree
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Orange oil
Description :
Colour
: Yellowish to yellowish brown liquid
Odour
: Characteristic
Taste
: Aromatic and Characteristic
Solubility
: Insoluble in water
Soluble in absolute alcohol and rectified alcohol
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Orange oil
Standards :
• Optical rotation
:
+94°C to +99°C
• Refractive Index
:
1.472 to 1.476
• Weight per ml
:
0.842 to 0.846
• Non volatile matter
:
1 to 5%
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Orange oil
Chemical constituents :
• 90% Limonene
• Centronellal
• Citral
• Decenal
Uses :
• Flavouring agent
• Perfume
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Lemon Grass Oil
Synonyms :
East Indian lemon grass oil
Biological source :
Volatile oil obtained by
steam distillation from the
leaves and aerial parts of
the plants of
Cymbopogon flexuousus,
Cymbopogon citratus
Family : Graminae
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Fig.59.3 Lemongrass
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Lemon Grass Oil
Geographical source
:
• India, West Africa and
• East Africa
• In India
Kerala, Tamil Nadu,
Fig.59.4 Lemongrass
Karnataka, Maharashtra,
Gujarat, Punjab
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Lemon Grass Oil
Organoleptic Characters:
Colour
: Yellowish brown liquid
Odour
: Resembling lemon oil
Taste
: Aromatic
Solubility
: Insoluble in water
Soluble in mineral oil and Propylene glycol
Soluble in 3 parts of 70% alcohol & fixed oil
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Lemon Grass Oil
Standards:
• Optical rotation
:
-3o to +1o
• Refractive Index
:
1.4808 to 1.4868
• Non-volatile matter
:
3 to 4 per cent
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Lemon Grass Oil
Chemical Constituents:
• Citral
• Methyl heptenol
• Nerol
• Geraniol
Uses :
•
Flavouring agent and in Perfumery
•
Source for synthesis of Vitamin
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Sandal Wood
Synonym : Yellow sandal wood,
Lignum santali
Biological source :
Dried heart wood of
Fig. 59.5 Sandalwood
Santalum album
Family : Santalaceae
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Sandal Wood
Geographical source:
India, Malaysia
In India mainly in South Indian
States of Karnataka and
Fig.59.6 Sandalwood tree
Tamil Nadu
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Sandal Wood
Description :
Colour
: Yellowish or pale reddish
Odour
: Strong and fragrant
Taste
: Slightly bitter
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Sandal Wood
Chemical constituents :
Sandal wood oil
• Sandal wood oil contains 95% two isomeric
• sesquiterpene alcohols, -santalol and  santalol
• An aldehyde santalol C15H22O,Santene, Santenone,
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Sandal Wood
Uses :
• Symptomatic treatment of Dysurea
• Perfume inCosmetics and Incense sticks
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Summary
In this class we learnt about :
•
Orange oil obtained from Citrus sinensis or
Citrus aurantium
•
Lemon Grass oil obtained by Steam distillation of
Cymbopogon flexuousus
•
Sandal wood is the dried heart wood of
Santalum album
•
Used as a Flavouring agent and in perfumery
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Quiz
1. Lemon grass oil belongs to
a. Leguminosae
b. Graminae
c. Solanaceae
d. Labiatae
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Quiz
2. Orange oil belongs to
a. Rutaceae
b. Labiatae
c. Zingiberaceae
d. Graminae
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Quiz
3. Sandal wood is used as
a. Antiseptic
b. Expectorant
c. Colouring agent
d. Flavouring agent
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Frequently asked Questions
1. Write the Biological source and uses of Lemongrass oil
2. Give the list of Chemical constituents and uses of
Sandal wood.
3. Give the list of Chemical constituents of Orange oil
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