Transcript harvesting of senna

DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
ANDHRA PRADESH
Name of the Staff
Designation
Branch
Institute
Year
Subject
Subject Code
Topic
Duration
Sub Topic
Teaching Aids
: M. Padmavathi
: Assoc. Lecturer
: D.Pharmacy
: K.N.P.W.
: D. Pharmacy I year
: Pharmacognosy
: PH-103
: Collection & preparation of
Crude drugs for the market
: 50 Minutes
: Senna
: PPT, visuals, Animations
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OBJECTIVES
On completion of this period, you would be able to
know
• The Bological source
• Cultivation
• Collection methods and
• Various methods of preparation for the market of
the drug.
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Known to unknown
SENNA PLANT(Sonamukhi)
Fig.80.1
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SYNONYMS :
• Senai Ki Patti,
• Sonamukhi,
•
Indian Senna,
• Tinnevelly Senna.
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE :
• Senna consists of dried leaflets of Cassia aungustifolia
belonging to the family Leguminosae
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SENNA FIELD
Fig.80.2
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FARM VIEW
• Cultivation of Senna
in
an
open
field.
Fig.80.3
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SENNA CROP
• Senna grows as a
small shrub rising to a
height of up to 2
meters.
Fig.80.4
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HARVESTING OF SENNA
• After 2-3 months of sowing, harvesting of leaves is done
in three stages
• Ist Stage – The first plucking is done when the leaflets
are thick, full grown and greenish in colour
• After one month second plucking is done and last
plucking is carried out after 4-6 weeks.
• The plants are uprooted after third plucking of leaves.
• The contents of Sennosides in leaves is maximum when
they are fully grown and goes on decreasing along with
maturation of pods.
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HARVESTING
• Only
expert
local
workers, who have
experience in Senna
cultivation
and
harvesting, work at
our farms.
Fig.80.5
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HARVESTING
• Harvesting the Senna
crop.
Fig.80.6
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INSPECTION OF FARMS
• Management
with
site
workers, taking a view of
farms.
Fig.80.7
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PREPARATION FOR MARKET
• After collection the leaflets are dried under shade or
indoor by spreading them in thin layers.
• Drying takes place within 7-10 days and leaves show
yellowish green in colour.
• Leaves are tossed to separate pods.
• The leaves are then packed into bales under hydraulic
pressure.
• During storage the drug should be protected from light.
• Leaves does not lose the potency atleast upto 5 years.
• About 1200 kgs. of leaves and pods are obtained in 1
hectare of irrigated land and 700 kgs. of drug from rainfed land.
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Farmer Grade Senna for sorting
Fig.80.8
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Placing Senna on conveyer belt for
sorting
Fig.80.9
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Segregation of senna pods from stems
Fig.80.10
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Segregation of Senna stems and flowers
Fig.80.11
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Segregation of Senna
Fig.80.12
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Packing unit for Senna
Fig.80.13
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Compressing unit for Senna
Fig.80.14
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Compressed Bales of Senna Leaves Net
Wt.100 Kgs
Fig.80.15
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Compressed Bales of Senna Leaves Net
Wt.160 Kgs
Fig.80.16
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SENNA LEAVES
Fig.80.17
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SENNA PODS
Fig.80.18
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Senna pods & leaves sorted
Fig.80.19
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SORTED SENNA
Fig.80.20
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CHECKING QUALITY OF SORTED SENNA
Fig.80.21
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CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS
• Senna
contians
Anthraquinone
derivatives,
they
are
Sennoside A, Sennoside B, Sennoside C and Sennoside D.
• Sennoside C & D are minor constituents.
• Leaves also contains Rhein, Kaempferol, Aloe-emodine and
Isorhamnetin.
• It also contains Phytosterol, Salicylic acid, Mucilage, resin and
calcium oxalate.
• The aglycone of Sennoside is known as Sennidin, which is in
dianthrone of Rhein.
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USES
• Senna leaves are used as Laxative, irritant purgative due
to the presence of Anthraquinone derivates.
• Senna is free of astringent effect, due to absence of
tannin.
• Purgative effect of Senna is not followed by the
constipation.
• The disadvantage of Senna is that it causes gripping, but
it is overcome by admixing powdered SSenna with
carminatives.
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SUMMARY
In this class, we have discussed about
Senna Consists of dried leaves of Cassia aungustifolia
belonging to family Leguminosae, its cultiivation,
preparation of drug to the market with Chemical
constituents and uses.
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QUIZ
1)
Senna consists of dried leaves of
a) Cassia auriculata
b) Cassia aungustifolia
c) Cassia accuminata
d) Cassia arabica
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QUIZ
2)
Senna Chiefly consists of
a) Anthraquinone Glycosides
b) Phenolic Glycosides
c) Coumarin Glycosides
d) All the above
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Frequently Asked Questions
1.
What are the other names for Senna?
2.
How harvesting of Senna leaves is done?
3.
Write the methods of preparations of the drug for
market.
4.
What are the active constituents of Senna?
5.
What are the uses of Senna?
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THANK YOU
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