Transcript Strychnos nux-vomica Family : Loganiaceae

Drugs acting on Nervous
System
Nux - vomica
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DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
ANDHRA PRADESH
Name
Designation
Branch
Institute
Year
Subject
Subject Code
Topic
Sub-Topic
Duration
Teaching Aids
: R.D.L.P.Christian
: Lecturer in pharmacy
: Pharmacy
: GPW, Srikakulam
: I year
: Pharmacognosy
: PH-103
: Drugs acting on Nervous System
: Nux - vomica
: 50 min.
: PPT, Photographs
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Recap
In the last class we discussed about
• The CNS plant drug CANNABIS
• Cannabis is mainly having CNS depressant effects
abused as a Narcotic
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Objectives
On completion of this period you would be able to
learn about
The monograph of the CNS Drug
NUX-VOMICA
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Strychnos nux-vomica
Fig.36.1 Nux-vomica twig
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NUX-VOMICA
Syn: Crow-fig, Mustimanu (Telugu)
• Biological Source :
It consists of the dried ripe
seeds of
Strychnos nux-vomica
Family : Loganiaceae
• Geographical Source :
Indigenous to East Indies.
Found in Srilanka, Burma,
Thailand,Vietnam
and North Australia
In India Malabar coast,
Tamilnadu and Kerala
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Fig.36.2 Nux-vomica twig
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History of Nux-vomica
• In 16th century the drug
was used to kill the
animals because of its
poisonous nature
• ‘Strychnos’ (Greek) :
Poisonous
• Nux-vomica
:
Nut with vomiting effects
Fig.36.3 Nux-vomica tree
• Strychnine and Brucine
were some of the first
alkaloids that were
isolated
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Collection And Preparation
• Nux-vomica tree is about 10-12 m in height
• Bears orange yellow fruits with tough leathery epicarp
• Each fruit contains 1-5 seeds embedded in the white
pulpy epicarp
• Seeds are separated, cleaned to free from the pulp. The
seeds floating are rejected
• Seeds are dried, sometimes graded as per size
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MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS
SEEDS
• Size
: 10-30mm in dia and
4-6mm thick
• Shape : Small disc shaped,
somewhat flat and
irregular
• Colour : Greenish-brown
• Odour : Odourless
Fig.36.4 Nux-vomica twig
• Taste : Intensely bitter
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Nux-vomica Seed
Fig.36.5 Nux-vomica Seed
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Morphological Characters
SEEDS
• Extra Features:
• The seeds are thickly covered
with numerous appressed
trichomes radiating towards
periphery from centre
• The seeds are very hard to break
or cut.
• The boiled seed can be cut
Fig.36.6 Nux-vomica seeds
tranversely into 2 halves
• The embryo with two small
leaves like cotyledons and a
small cylindrical radical is found
at one side
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Chemical Constituents
• Contains 1-1.5% Indole alkaloids
• Chiefly consists Strychnine and Brucine
• Brucine is chemically dimethoxy-Strychnine
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Chemical Constituents
•
Other alkaloids in minor quantity are
α-colubrine, β-colubrine, Protostrychnine,
N-oxystrychnine, Pseudo strychnine,
Isostrychnine, Strychnicine, Vomicine,
Novacine and Icagene
• Also contains glycosides Loganine, Chloragenic acid and
about 3% fixed oil
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Chemical Tests
For Strychnine
1.
T.S. of the seed
Stain with Ammonium vanadate and H2SO4
Endospermic cells become Purple
2.
Strychnine + H2SO4 + K2Cr2O7
Violet colour turns to red and finally yellow
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Chemical Tests
For Brucine
T.S. of the seed
Conc. HNO3
Endospermic cells become yellow
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Uses
• CNS Stimulant mainly Spinal stimulant
• Aphrodisiac
• Used as a Bitter stomachic and tonic
• Respiratory stimulant in cases of poisoning
• Stimulates Cardiovascular system and increases B.P
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Allied Drugs
Strychnos wallichiana
having comparable alkaloidal content
Strychnos ignatii
contains 3% alkaloids of which 60% Strychnine
Adulterants
Strychnos potatorum
Strychnos nux-blanda
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Summary
In this class we learnt about
CNS plant drug NUX-VOMICA
• Contains Indole alkaloids Strychnine and Brucine
• Used as Respiratory and Cardiovascular stimulant
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Quiz
1. The plant part that is useful in Nux-vomica is
a) Leaves
b) Flowers
c) Roots
d) Seeds
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Quiz
2. Nux-vomica alkaloids are
a) Spinal stimulants
b) Cardio-vascular stimulants
c) Both
d) None of the above
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Frequently Asked Questions
1.
Write the Chemical constituents and Uses of
Nux-vomica
1.
Write the Botanical Source and Macroscopy of
Nux-vomica
1.
Mention the Source and Uses of Nux-vomica
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