Transcript Ephedra sinica

Drugs acting on Nervous
System
Ephedra
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DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
ANDHRA PRADESH
Name
Designation
Branch
Institute
Year
Subject
Subject Code
Topic
Sub-Topic
Duration
Teaching Aids
: R.D.L.P.Christian
: Lecturer in pharmacy
: Pharmacy
: GPW, Srikakulam(088)
: I year
: Pharmacognosy
: PH-103
: Drugs acting on Nervous System
: Ephedra
: 50 min.
: PPT, Photographs
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Recap
In the last class we discussed about
The CNS plant drug
WITHANIA
Withania contains Steroidal alkaloids and steroid
lactones which are having a variety of activities
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Objectives
On completion of this lesson you would be able to
learn about
The monograph of the CNS Drug
EPHEDRA
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Known to Unknown
1.
Have you seen Asthma patient?
2.
Can you name some drugs used for Asthma?
3.
Don’t you know that the alkaloid from Ephedra stem
cure Asthma?
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Ephedra
Fig.33.1 Ephedra herb
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EPHEDRA
Syn: Ma-Haung, Ephedra stem
• Biological Source :
Dried young stem of
Ephedra gerardiana (India)
Ephedra nebrodensis (India)
Ephedra sinica (China)
Ephedra equisetina (China)
• Family
: Ephedraceae
• Geographical Source:
China, Pakistan, Australia,
Kenya Spain, Yugoslavia
Fig.33.2 Ephedra stem
Northwest part of India
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Cultivation, Collection, Preparation
CULTIVATION:
•
•
•
•
Cultivated at an altitude of 2500-3000m
Propagated by seeds, layers or divisions of root stocks
Seeds are sown in early spring
Spacing 5cm between two plants and 1m between two
rows
• 4 year plants are collected and extracted for alkaloids
• Alkaloid content maximum in autumn, when plant is dark
in colour.
• Twigs are dried in Sun
Fig.33.3 Ephedra herb
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Morphological Characters
• Ephedra is a Gymnospermous
plant
• Stems are woody, cylindrical,
grey to greenish colour, about
5mm thick
• Shows internodes at a distance
of about 3-3.5cm
• Bears scales leaves in a whorl
of 2
• Bears a terminal bud
• Male spikes are solitary, ovate,
sessile and crowded
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Fig.33.4 Ephedra herb
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Chemical Constituents
Ephedra contains Amino alkaloids
• Ephedrine
• Nor - Ephedrine
• N - methyl Ephedrine
• Pseudo Ephedrine
Fig.33.5 Ephedra herb
• Nor pseudo - ephedrine
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Chemical Tests
Ephedrine dissolved in water and HCl
CuSO4 & NaOH
Violet red colour
Shaken with solvent ether
Organic layer (Purple)
Aqueous layer (Blue)
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Uses
•
Ephedra shows Sympathomimetic activity
• Used as a Bronchodilator in Asthma
• In allergic conditions like Hay fever, Bronchitis,
Whooping cough
• To correct low B.P because of its peripheral
contraction of arterioles
Ephedrine shows prolonged action than adrenaline
as it is slowly hydrolysed by MAO
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Allied Species
• Ephedra intermedia (India & Pakistan)
• Ephedra major
• Ephedra helryetica
• Ephedra distachya
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Summary
In this class we discussed about
The CNS Plant drug EPHEDRA
Ephedra contains Amino alkaloids
Having Sympathomimetic activity
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Quiz
1. The active constituents in Ephedra are
a) Glycosides
b) Saponins
c) Resins
d) Alkaloids
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Quiz
2. Ephedra alkaloids are having
a) Sympatholytic activity
b) Sympathomimetic activity
c) Cholinergic activity
d) None of the above
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Frequently Asked Questions
1. Write the botanical source and morphological
characters of Ephedra
2. Write the chemical constituents and uses of
Ephedra
3. Mention the botanical source, chemical
constituents and uses of a plant yielding
Alkaloids
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