Transcript SENNA a new partnership venture between Canny Overseas …

SENNA
A New Partnership Venture between
Kishan Lal Kuria Mal International and Canny Overseas P. Ltd.
A Product Introduction
Senna
Kishan Lal Kuria Mal International, is a very old and established
manufacturer, exporter and trader from India. The company has been
active in the fields of export of natural products such as henna, herbs,
spices etc., for many years now and has a host of satisfied clients spread
around the world.
Canny Overseas P. Ltd. is an agri-commodities trading and brokering firm
representing many international companies in India as well as has
agreements with companies for selling Indian produces abroad.
Kishan Lal Kuria Mal International
222 Sukhdev Vihar
New Delhi 110 025
India
Tel: +91 11 2683 9941
Fax: +91 11 2692 2849
E-mail: [email protected]
Canny Overseas P. Ltd.
B-170 Priyadarshini Vihar
Delhi 110 092
India
Tel: +91 11 2251 9868
Fax: +91 11 2251 9869
E-mail: [email protected]
Senna
Botanical name:
Cassia Acutifolia (DELL.)
Family:
N.O. Leguminosae
Trade Name:
Denna
Synonyms:
Alexandrian Senna,
Cassia Lenitiva,
Cassia Lanceolata,
Senna Acutifolia, Sene de la Palthe,
Fan Xie Ye, Tinnevelly Senna,
Cassia Angustifolia, East Indian Senna
Habitat:
India, Pakistan and few other parts of Asia
Senna - A Commercial Crop
Every part of the senna plant carries the main active ingredient and
therefore all the parts have some commercial value. Like many other
plants, senna plant also bears leaves, flowers and pods.
It is the dried leaves and pods that are mostly traded, as
they are consumed both directly by
end customers as well as by
companies manufacturing senna
products. Because of this the two command the highest
price amongst all the plant parts.
There are few takers of flowers
and stems. These are only
bought by companies that are
producing senna extract.
contd…
Senna - A Commercial Crop
Good quality senna may be known by:
•
The bright, fresh, yellowish-green color of the leaves
•
A faint and peculiar odour rather like green tea
•
A nauseous, mucilaginous, sweetish, slightly bitter taste
Senna – Applications
•
Main:
– Traditionally senna has been considered a “cleansing herb” and is
a natural laxative.
•
Others:
– Some times recommended for halitosis, which is caused by toxic
colon.
– Used
to
treat
colic,
exhaustion,
nitrogenous
waste,
sleeplessness, jaundice etc.
– Arabians also use this for treatment of local skin affections.
– In china the pods of senna plant are considered to be of special
use in diseases of the eye.
Senna – The Plant
Senna is a small under-shrub from 2 to 3 feet high. the stem is
erect, smooth, and pale green, with long, spreading branches,
bearing pinnate leaves which are alternately placed on the
stem. The leaflets are in pairs of four or five and average
about half to inch in length. The shape of the leaves and
leaflets is lanceolate or obovate, unequally
oblique at the base, veins distinct on the under surface,
brittle, greyish-green, of a faint, peculiar odour, and
mucilaginous, sweetish taste. The flowers are small and
yellow. The pods are broadly oblong, about 2 inches long
by 7/8 inch broad, and contain about six seeds which are
hard, heart shaped and ash colored.
Senna – Cultivation, Collection, Preparation
Since senna is an herb of some economic importance its cultivation has
been of considerable interest.
Indian senna is considered to be a superior variety. it is usually cultivated
on dry land and may be given light irrigation and grown as a semi-irrigated
crop but heavy irrigation is injurious. Sowing is done either by
broadcasting or by dribbling, the seed rate being about 15 lbs. per acre.
The seeds have a tough coat and a certain amount of abrading of the
surface is necessary to induce quick and even germination. This is done
by pounding the seeds lightly with coarse sand in a mortar. The plants
require bright sunshine and occasional drizzle.
contd…
Senna – Cultivation, Collection, Preparation
Normally no chemical fertilizers or agri-pesticides are used. it can
therefore even be considered as a natural, “organically” grown crop.
Continuous rain during growth spoils the quality of the leaves. The plants
are usually allowed to grow for three to five months only and the first flush
of flower stalks is cut off to induce lateral branching. When the leaves are
fully grown and are thick and bluish in color, they are stripped off by hand.
In all, a total of 4 harvestings take place. The first one being sometime in
the end October-early November and is the biggest in size. After that
harvesting takes place at a gap of about 1 month each, last one being in
April and before the onset of monsoons or the rainy season. Thereafter
the plant is allowed to flower and set seed for the next season.
contd…
Senna – Cultivation, Collection, Preparation
With each succeeding harvest the size of leaves gets smaller and the
yield of pods gets lower.
Commercial senna is prepared for use by garbling, or picking out the
leaflets and rejecting the lead-stalks, impurities, and leaves of other plants
by using sieves. The portion that passes through the sieves is then
tossed. The leaves work to the surface and the heavier stalk fragments
sink to the bottom. This accounts for the broken leaves in the senna. it is
sometimes baled before shipping.
Senna – The Market
While no formal data is available, it is estimated that the amount annually
exported is about 10,000 to 14,000 bales. The prices vary with each
harvesting.
Few of the major markets are:
•
USA
•
Germany
•
CIS countries
•
The entire Middle-East region
•
African Continent
•
China
Senna - Chemical Composition
Traditionally, senna has been used as a laxative because of its cathartic
properties. More modern studies have found that senna is useful in
treating constipation, whether it is caused by pharmaceuticals or natural
means. Senna leaves and pods have been shown to have laxative
activity. It is useful in habitual constipation. the active substances in senna
leaves and fruit are called sennosides. These molecules are converted by
bacteria in the colon into another substance, rhein-anthrone, which has
two beneficial effects.
•
First, it stimulates colon activity, which speeds bowel movements and
improves digestion.
•
Second, it increases fluid secretion.
Together, these actions work to get a sluggish colon functional again.
contd…
Senna - Chemical Composition
Several controlled studies have confirmed the benefit of senna in treating
constipation.
Pharmacological investigations show that sennosides A and B account for
the entire activity of the senna leaves and pods. Leaves contain
glycosides, sennoside A, B, C & D. Two naphthalene glycosides have
been isolated from leaves and pods.
The sennosides content of Indian senna varies from 1.5% to 3.0%. The
cathartic properties of senna are generally not lost even if they are stored
for a number of years.
Senna – A Confirmation
Senna is widely accepted as a treatment for constipation and its efficacy
is proved by the following.
•
Senna leaf is approved by the world health organization (WHO) for
short-term use in occasional constipation.
•
Senna is also approved in the united states and in european countries
as an ingredient in over-the-counter and prescription laxative
preparations.
•
The herb is approved by the german government for any condition in
which alleviating constipation or softening stools is desirable.
contd…
Senna – A Confirmation
•
Clinical studies in the United States and abroad involving various age
groups suggest that senna is effective in managing constipation
associated with a number of causes including surgery, childbirth, and
use of narcotic pain relievers.
•
A study in the medical journal Diseases of the Colon and Rectum
showed that senna was able to prevent or treat postoperative
constipation after proctologic surgery.
•
In another study, published in the Journal of Pain and Symptom
Management, researchers recommended the use of senna in terminal
cancer
patients
with
opiate-induced
constipation,
citing
the
effectiveness of the herb and its relatively low cost.
contd…
Senna – A Confirmation
•
The South African Medical Journal shows that treatment with senna
was successful in 93%-96% of women suffering from postpartum
constipation. By comparison, only 51%-59% of women in the placebo
group experienced relief. senna is considered to be one of the more
effective agents for relieving constipation caused by narcotic pain
relievers such as morphine.
•
A study published in the medical journal Pharmacology suggests that
a combination of senna and bulk laxatives can alleviate chronic
constipation in geriatric patients.
•
Senna pods are official in the British pharmacopoeia and the United
States pharmacopoeia.
contd…
Senna – A Confirmation
•
It is often called in the French pharmacopoeia Séné de la Palthe,
because of the duty formerly laid upon it by the Ottoman Porte. While,
in the German, Swiss, British and Indian pharmacopoeias, it is listed
as Tinnevelly Senna.
Senna – How It Is Consumed
As already mentioned senna is consumed both directly by the end
consumer as well as by organizations involved in extracting sennosides
from the plant parts.
A few of the recommended modes of direct consumption are:
•
By brewing and drinking the leaves in a similar manner as tea
•
Tablets and Capsules
•
Ingesting in powder form with or without adding coriander oil
•
In syrup form by adding jalap, rhubarb, cinnamon, clove, nutmeg, oil
of lemon, sugar and diluted alcohol
Senna – Packing
Senna Leaves and Pods are exported in container loads and a 20 feet
container can carry upto 14 metric tons depending upon how the goods
are packed.
The normal packing for both are:
Bags of 25 or 50 kilos net, in this case only about 5 metric tons can be
shipped in a 20 feet container.
But the preferred packing is in bales of 90 kilos or
180 kilos and in this form 14 metric tons can easily
be loaded into the 20 feet
container.
Senna – The Future
In the end we would only like to say that while on the raw material sale
side the market is not so organized but at the same time on the retail level
the market is very much developed and mature. The final buyer knows
what they are looking for and the market is expanding at a pace not seen
before. Therefore, an opportunity lies in front of us and it is up to us as to
how much market we can corner.
We have tried to give as much detail as possible but in case you need to
discuss anything of have any queries, please feel free to ask us. We will
try our best to answer them to your satisfaction.
Thank You
Senna
Palliative Care - Constipation
Introduction, etiology: The use of medicines for constipation is only one of the
methods available to relieve symptoms. For further treatment details and other
options, including other suggested medications, please see reference 1.
Recommended Treatments
magnesium hydroxide
oral suspension, equivalent to 550
mg magnesium oxide/10 ml
Adults:
1.8-3.6 g orally
senna
tablet, 7.5 mg (sennosides)
(or traditional dosage forms)
Adults:
15-30 mg orally at night
References 1. Symptom Relief in Terminal Illness, World Health Organization, 1998, 109 pages,
ISBN 92 4 154507 0
Sales Information: http://www.who.int/bookorders/index.htm