Transcript Physics 1676KB 23.8. 2013 12:30:20

Physics
1. weather
2. motory
3. radioaktivita
4. space travel
5. physical phenomena
6. fyzika kolem nás
7. revize - opakování
Physics- dictionary
A
absolutní - absolute
akustika – acoustics
aplikace - application
analýza – analysis
astronomie – atronomy
B
biologie - biology
Č
čas – time
částice - element
D
definovat – define
dynamika - dynamics
E
elektrický proud – electric current
elektromagnetismus - electromagnetism
energie – energy
experiment - experiment
F
filozofie- philosophy
G
gravitace - gravitation
H
hranice – boundaries
hydrostatika - hydrostatics
CH
chaos - chaos
chemie – chemistry
I
industrializace – industrialization
interakce - interation
J
jádro - nucleus
K
kinematika – kinematics
kosmologie - cosmology
L
lámání – refraction
laser - laser
M
magnetismus - magnetism
matematika – mathematics
mechanika - mechanics
mechanismus – mechanism
N
nanotechnologie- nanotechnology
nukleání – nuclear
O
odhadovat - estimate
odraz - reflection
P
pevný - solid
počítač - computer
pohyb – motion
polarizace – polarization
pole - field
porozumět - understand
pořádek – order
pozorování - observation
praktický - practical
prostor – space
předpoklad - prerequisite
přenost - transmission
příroda – nature
R
radiace – radiation
relativita – relativity
rentgen – X-ray
rozptýlení - dispersion
rušení - interference
S
síla – force
simulátor - simulator
společnost – society
statika - statics
T
tekutý - liquid
televize - television
teorie – theory
termodynamika – thermodynamics
tranzistor - transistor
U
ultrafialový - ultraviolet
V
vesmír – universe
vědec - scientist
věda – science
vodivost - conduction
všeobecný – general
výzkum – research
Z
zakřivený - curved
zbraň – weapon
zvuk - sound
DISCUSSION
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What is physics about?
What do we use it for?
Is physics a popular subject? Why? Why not?
What is condensation?
What do you know about gases?
What is a water cycle?
Why does water change its form?
What is light?
Does light travel?
Is light visible when it travels?
What do you know about the energy of the Sun?
Does it influence our planet anyhow?
Is solar energy used anyhow?
What kinds of energy do you know? Where does it come from?
How would you define a „magnet“?
How are liquids and solids different?
What happends when the light shines on a mirror?
What is magnetism?
What is „Celsius“?
What is a „closed circuit“ good for?
Is there any difference between pushing and pulling?
What happens to liquids when they evaporate? Why do they evaporate?
Can you name some sources of light?
Can energy be stored? How?
What is „distance“? How is it counted?
Is speed always measured in kilometres?
What is termal energy?
What is acceleration and what is its function in physics?
Why do astronauts „float“ in the space?
Why is radiation harmful?
What kind of rays do you know?
Are waves always connected with water?
What do we measure with WATTS?
What is the relationship between Kcal and kJ?
Can energy be destroyed?
What is conduction?
How is thermal energy transferred?
What is „echo“?
Basic units of measurement – can you match the units?
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Length
Mass
Time
Electric Charge
Temperature
Luminenscent Intensity
a) Kelvin (K)
b) Candela (Cd)
c) Ampere (A)
d) Second (s)
e) Metre (m)
f) Kilogram (kg)
Units of measurement – try to explain the use of these units and give examples
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Frequency / Hertz
Force, Weight / Newton
Work, Heat / Joule
Power / Watt
Pressure / Pascal
Illuminance / Lux
Electric charge of flux / Coulomb
Electrical potential difference, Electromotive force / Volt
Electric resistance, Impedance, Reactance / Ohm
Electric capacitance / Farad
Magnetic flux / Weber
Magnetic flux density, magnetic induction / Tesla
Thermodynamic temperature / Degree Celsius
Can you complete this chart? Some information has already been given
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tera
T
G
mega
k
1012
109
106
103
deci
milli
c
m
µ
10-2
p
10-12
10-6
nano
Physics – links
1) http://www.physics.org/ - populární fyzika
2) http://physicsworld.com/ - svět fyziky
3) http://www.physicsclassroom.com/ - fyzika ve třídě
4) http://physics.about.com/ - fyzika a její odvětví
5) http://www.physicstoday.org/ - moderní fyzika
6) http://www.physicsgames.net/ - fyzikální hry pro děti
7) http://physics.aps.org/ - zajímavé fyzikální jevy
8) http://tpt.aapt.org/ - učitel fyziky
9) http://www.csun.edu/science/physics/ - fyzika – zdroje
10) http://www.physics.umd.edu/perg/qm/qmcourse/NewModel/resea
rch/whatwork/ - jak učit fyziku
11) http://www.tes.co.uk/physics-secondary-teaching-resources/ - fyzika
– materiály
12) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FJVvtOy-ukE – výuka fyziky
13) http://www.physics4kids.com/ - jednoduché vysvětlení pro děti
14) http://physics-help.info/physicsguide/appendices/si_units.shtml fyzikální jednotky a jednotky SI
15) http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/higher/physics/units/units/revision/1
/ - jednotky a předpony čísel
16) http://rmp.aps.org/ - moderní fyzika
17) http://www.physics4kids.com/files/mod_intro.html - fyzika pro děti
a pracovní sešity
Famous physicists - dictionary
A
atomový – nuclear
B
bomba - bomb
Č
černá díra – black hole
červí díra - wormhole
D
dualita – duality
E
exploze - explosion
G
genius – genius
geometrie - geometry
gravitace – gravitation
H
hliník - aluminium
hvězda – star
CH
choroba - disease
I
izolovat – isolate
j
jedinečnost - singularity
K
kámen - stone
klasifikace - classification
kolísání – fluctuation
konečný - finite
kvantový – quantum
L
laboratoř - lab
lámání - refraction
M
matematik – mathematician
mechanika – mechanics
minerál - mineral
N
nekonečný - infinite
O
objev – discovery
optika - optics
P
paprsek - ray
paradox - paradox
planeta – planet
podcenit - underestimate
pole – field
polonium - polonium
princip – principle
R
radioaktivita - radioactivity
relativita – relativity
rentgen – X- ray
rovnice – equation
ruda - ore
rychlost – speed
S
síla - power
světlo - light
Š
štěpení - fission
T
teleskop - telescope
teoretický - theoretical
teorie – theory
test - test
V
válka – war
vlnová délka - wavelength
výbušný – explosive
vypařit - evaporate
vyvinout – develop
vzorec - formula
Z
zákon – law
založit - found
zbraň – weapon
zdroj - resource
zpomalit – slow down
zvuk – sound
zrychlení - acceleration
ALBERT EINSTEIN
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Where was he from? Why did he become so
famous?
What does „E=mc2“ mean?
Why did he move from Germany to the USA?
Did he take part in the „Manhattan Project“? What
was it?
Einstein was interested in relativity – what kinds of
relativity do you know and why was relativity
important for him?
What did he think of „wormholes“? What is it and
what do scientists think about it?
Are there any famous experiments he took part in?
ISAAC NEWTON
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Do you know anything about his life? What do you
know about the period of time he lived in?
He was interested in optics and telescopes, what do
you know about it?
Can you say something about Newton and his
relationship to space, gravity and other planets?
Can you breafly describe what the „Laws or motion“
are about?
What is the practical use of Newton´s teaching?
What do we measure with „Newtons“?
What was scientific revolution and why is Newton
considered a key figure?
MARIE SKLODOWSKA – CURIE
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What did she become famous for?
Which elements did she discover and
can you mention their positive and
negative impact on society?
What do you know about her
personal life? Was it influenced by
her work anyhow?
Why did she get the Nobel price?
Was her husband famous too? For
what?
ROBERT OPPENHEIMER
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What was the most important discovery
of his life? Can you explain what was his
discovery used for, what effects did it
have and what were the consequences?
How do you think he felt when he learned
about Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
Can you think of more scientiscs who
invented something amazing but in the
end it was abused or used in a completely
different way?
STEPHEN HAWKING
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Do you know anything about this scientist? Why is
he famous?
Do you know anything about his physical condition?
Hawking is fascinated by black holes and other
objects in space. Do you think that one day it will be
possible to travel in space, time and live on space
ships just like they do in the TV series?
Which things do you think will never be possible?
Hawking writes books for children and public – do
you think people are interested in physics? How can
teachers make physics attractive and interesting for
children?
WILHELM RÖNTGEN
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What did he invent?
How did his invention change modern
medicine?
Where is his invention used and what
would happen if he had never invented
it?
Does his invention harm people as well?
How? When? Why?
What kinds of “rays” do you know and
what are they used for? Are any of them
hamrful as well?
Famous physicists - links
1) http://cnr2.kent.edu/~manley/physicists.html - slavní fyzikové
2) http://physics.about.com/od/famousphysicists/Famous_Physicists.ht
m - odkazy na slavné fyziky
3) http://www.biography.com/people/groups/scientists/physicists biografie a videa slavných fyziků
4) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/ein
stein-bio.html - stránky Nobelovy ceny
5) http://www.biography.com/people/albert-einstein-9285408 Einsteinův život
6) http://rescomp.stanford.edu/~cheshire/EinsteinQuotes.html Einsteinovy citáty
7) http://www.newton.ac.uk/newtlife.html - Newton a jeho život
8) http://www.biography.com/people/isaac-newton-9422656 informace a teze Isaaca Newtona
9) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1903/m
arie-curie-bio.html - život Marie Curie
10) http://www.aip.org/history/curie/ - Radioaktivita
11) http://www.hawking.org.uk/ - oficiální stránky Stephena Hawkinga
12) http://www.nndb.com/people/550/000071337/ - Röntgen a jeho
život
13) http://www.famousscientists.org/wilhelm-rontgen/ - rozcestník
známých vědců
Simple machines – dictionary
D
definice – definition
délka – length
dřevěný – wooden
E
efektivita - efficiency
J
jádro - core
K
kabel - cable
kladka – pulley
klín – vedge
kloub - joint
kolo – wheel
kolo (jízdní) – bicycle
kroutivá síla - torque
L
lehký (váha) – light
lehký (obtížnost) - easy
M
mlýn – mill
mlýn větrný - windmill
N
nakloněná rovina – inclined plane
nástroj – too
naviják - windlass
nevýhoda - disadvantage
O
ohnout – bend
okraj - edge
opora - fulcrum
osa – axe
otáčet - spin
P
páka – lever
pant – hinge
pevný – fixed
posuvný - sliding
povrch - surface
provaz – rope
převodové ústrojí - gear
pumpa - pump
působení – leverage
R
rovnováha – balance
rovný (cesta) – straight
rovný (rovnost =) – equal
Ř
řetězec - chain
S
síla - force
směr – direction
spirála – spiral
spojení - connection
spojit – connect
středový čep – pivot
svah – slope
Š
široký - wide
šroub – bolt
šroubovák - screwdriver
T
táhnout – pull
těsný - tight
těžký – heavy
tisk - print
tlačit – push
točit – turn
trakař - wheelbarrow
tření – friction
tvar - shape
U
umělý – artificial
uzavřený - compound
užitečný - useful
V
velikost – magnitude
vrut – screw
výhoda - advantage
Z
zařízení – device
zvednout – lift
ztráta - loss
Discussion
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What is a lever?
How does it work?
Can you think of some everyday situations when levels are used?
Do animals know this principle?
Does the amount of work change when you use the lever or use your own
physical power?
What is the inclined plane?
What is it used for?
Can you give any practical examples?
Have you ever used it? How? When?
Can you finish this sentence .. „The steeper the plane is the more difficult it
is to..........“
People say that inclined plane was used for building the Pyramids in Egypt.
What do you think about it and can you explain the use of the plane during
the building? What in general do you think about the pay the Pyramids were
built?
How old do you think wheels are?
What were they used for during ancient times?
What are the wheels used for now?
Can you imagine life without wheels? How would your life change?
What is a screw? What does it look like?
When can we find them and are they important?
Which of these machines were invented by Archimedes?
What is a wedge?
What is a pulley?
Use these words in sentences and explain them
SLOPE
WOODEN
FORCE
LIGHT
HEAVY
TOOL
WINDMILL
WHEEL
SCREW
ARCHIMEDES
INVENT
MECHANISM
MATERIAL
LIFT
BOTTLE OPENER
FORCE
DIRECTION
SPIRAL
FLAT
ROUND
OPEN
BUILT
PYRAMIND
ANCIENT TIMES
PULL
PUSH
WEIGHT
ROPE
SCREWDRIVER
PRINT
TURN
ARTIFICIAL
Solve these tasks
1.
Which of these activities are examples of using a lever? Circle them and
comment what happens during these activities
USING A HAMMER TO PULL OUT A NAIL
USING A BOTTLE-OPENER TO OPEN A BEER BOTTLE
USING A BLENDER FOR MAKING A COCTAIL
USING A SCREWDRIVER TO PRY THE LID OFF A CAN OF PAINT
A PAIR OF SCISSORS
OPENING A WINDOW
USING A BALANCE SCALE TO WEIGH THINGS
CHANGING THE TIRE
PLAYING ON A SEE-SAW
2. Which is not an example of a simple machine?
screw – pulley – fulcrum - inclined plane
3. A nail can be hammered into a piece of wood, but a bolt cannot. What simple
machine can be found at the point of a nail?
wheel and axle - inclined plane - lever - wedge
4. A seesaw is an example of what simple machine?
wedge – lever - iclined plane - screw
5. In a second class lever, the load is placed in between the fulcrum and the effort.
Given this information, which of the following is NOT a second class lever?
bottle opener - fishing rod - nut cracker - paper cutter
6. A pulley is most closely related to which other simple machine?
lever – screw - inclined plane - wheel and axle
7. What type of simple machine is a mountain road?
lever – wedge - inclined plane - wheel - axle
8.
Which of the following best explains why lifting a heavy object with a single
pulley and rope makes the task seem easier?
less force is needed to lift the object - less work is done when moving the
object - the direction of the force required to lift the object is changed - the
force needed to move the object is applied over a greater distance
Discussion – simple machines and you
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5.
When are simple machines taught at the basic school?
Is it easy for the children to understand it?
What examples do you use for each machine?
How do you test the students´ knowledge?
Do you mention Archimedes and the Pyramids in your lessons?
Simple machines - links
1) http://physics.about.com/od/physicsintherealworld/p/simplemachines.h
tm - jednoduché nástroje, vysvětlení
2) http://www.mikids.com/Smachines.htm - nástroje a obrázky
3) http://edheads.org/activities/simple-machines/ - video pro děti, nástroje
a jejich využití
4) http://www.enchantedlearning.com/physics/machines/Levers.shtml praktické ukázky, hýbající se obrázky
5) http://legacy.mos.org/sln/Leonardo/Inventorstoolbox.html - druhy a
formy jednoduchých nástrojů
6) http://www.neok12.com/Simple-Machines.htm - videa jednotlivých
nástrojů
7) http://www.brainpopjr.com/science/forces/simplemachines/preview.we
ml - vědecké hry pro děti
8) http://intl.concord.org/beacon3/examplesofmachines.html - příklady
jednoduchých přístrojů okolo nás
9) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_typfApyVk – video základních
přístrojů
10) http://gtmmedia.discoveryeducation.com/videos/dsc/externalapplications/accessib
le/simulationses/Explorations/Content/Resources/PS_6_3_1_Simple_Machines/flash/P
S_6_3_1_Simple_Machines.html - výuka jednoduchých přístrojů online
Time in physics and astrology – dictionary and phrases
A
absolutní - absolute
astronomy – astronomie
C
cyklický - cyclical
Č
čas – time
D
den - day
dochvilnost – timekeeping
E
efekt – effect
experiment - experiment
G
gravitace - gravity
H
hodina - hour
hodiny – clock
CH
chronometr - chronometer
I
interval – interval
inženýr - engineer
K
kalendář – calendar
kalibrovat – calibrate
kauzalita – causality
koncept – concept
kyvadlo - pendulum
L
lineární - linear
M
mechanika - mechanics
měsíc - month
minuta – minute
místní – local
moment – moment
množství - quantity
N
navigace – navigation
noc - night
P
paprsek - ray
platný – applicable
pohyb - motion
povědomí – awareness
pravděpodobnost - expectancy
pravidelný - periodic
pravidlo - rule
prostor – space
prostorový – spatial
prostorový – spatial
pozorovatel - observer
předpovědět - predict
přesný - accurate
přesýpací hodiny – hourglass
příčina – cause
R
realita - reality
relativita - relativity
rok – year
rotace – rotation
rovnodennost - equinox
rozměr – dimension
rozšíření - dilatation
rychlost – velocity
S
sekunda - second
síla – power
slunce - Sun
sluneční hodiny – sundial
souměrnost - symmetry
stín – shadow
světlo – light
systém - system
T
teorie - theory
trvání – duration
týden – week
U
ukazovat - indicate
V
vesmír - space
vnímat - percieve
vynálezce – inventor
vzdálenost – distance
vztah - relation
Z
zařízení – device
zmatený – chaotic
zřejmý - apparent
zvonec - bell
Discusstion
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How do we read time in English?
Why do people need to know time?
What would happen if people didn´t know time?
What kind of clock do you know?
How do we read dates in English?
How do we read years and centuries in English?
What is a calendar?
What parts does a calendar have and why do some years have 366 days?
Is time relative?
Who is the author of the theory of relativity and what is it?
How many seconds are there in one minute?
How many minutes are there in one hour?
How many seasons as there in one year?
How many months are there in one year?
Do you know any other time units of measurement ?
How old is our planet? How are such things counted?
Some people speak about the „Big Bang“. What is it and what did it mean for
our planet?
What do you know about mechanical clocks? When were they invented? How
did they change our lives?
What is a pendulum? What purpose does it have?
What is the difference between subjective and objective understanding of
time?
Some scientists say that the fourth-dimension means time. Do you agree?
Einstein said that „time is only an illusion“. What did he mean by that?
Can you comment human perception of time vs. ...
 BIRTH AND DEATH
 AGING
 FUTURE
 PAST
 MEMORIES
 KNOWN AND UNKNOWN THINGS
 MOTION
 SUBJECTIVE FEELING
 PLEASANT AND UNPLEASANT FEELINGS
 RELATIVITY OF PRESENCE
These were the biggest discoveries in physics during the time – can you comment
them? How did they change people´s lives?
1.
2.
3.
4.
240 BC
1514
1592
1604
5.
1651
6.
7.
1668
1714
8.
9.
1800
1822
10. 1898
11. 1909
12. 1948
Archimedes discovers his principle of buoyancy.
Nicolaus Copernicus develops his heliocentric theory.
Galileo Galilei invents the thermometer.
Galileo Galilei proves that falling bodies are accelerated towards the
ground at a constant rate.
Blaise Pascal shows that pressure applied at one point in a liquid is
transmitted unchanged to all points in the liquid.
Isaac Newton designs and builds a reflecting telescope.
Gabriel Fahrenheit introduces the mercury thermometer and his new
scale of temperature.
Alessandro Volta invents the battery.
André Ampère shows that two wires carrying electric currents attract
each other.
Ernest Rutherford discovers alpha and beta radiation.
Robert Millikan measures the charge on the electron.
John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley invent the
transistor.
Time – discussion
1.
2.
3.
4.
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6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
How can the Sun help us to measure time?
How can the stars help us to measure time?
What is an „Obelisk“ and how is it connected to time?
Is there anything like „water clock“?
What is the difference between mechanical and digital clock?
What is the difference between wall clock and pocket clock? What do they look
like?
What is atomic clock?
Why would pendulum clock never work on a ship?
Why is there summer in Europe while there is winter in Australia?
What is a „time zone“? Why and when is it important?
What is a „timeline“? When is it used?
Could Galileo and Copernicus meet each other?
Can you compare Mayan calendar and our European calendar?
With the decimal system, everything is divided into tens. However, minutes are
1/60 of an hour, and seconds are 1/60 of a minute. To which ancient civilization
do we owe this division?
Time in physics and astrology - links
1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_physics - čas ve fyzice
2) http://www.timephysics.com/ - co je to čas a naše vnímání času
3) http://www.livescience.com/29081-time-real-illusion-smolin.html -
fyzické dohady a nejasnosti
4) http://www.energyreality.com/pgs/time.htm - co je to čas?
5) http://www.bartleby.com/173/8.html - čas ve fyzice od Einsteina
6) http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys301/lectures/time/time.html - čas a
systémy měření
7) http://cas.sdss.org/dr7/en/proj/kids/oldtime/ - starověká
astronomie
8) http://www.cv.nrao.edu/~rfisher/Ephemerides/times.html - druhy
„času“
9) http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/space_time/ - novinky ze světa
vědy a fyziky
10) http://www.pbs.org/seeinginthedark/astronomy-topics/light-as-acosmic-time-machine.html - fyzika vs. astrofyzika
11) http://www.ifpan.edu.pl/firststep/aw-works/fsII/mul/mueller.html problém času v astronomii
12) http://everythingforever.com/einstein.htm - Einstein vs. čas
13) http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=could-time-end –
časový paradox
14) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4jO1gStcuEg – video – čas v
Energy – dictionary and phrases
A
absorbovat – absorb
Č
část - component
D
definice – definition
deformace – deformation
drát - wire
dynamo - dynamo
E
elastický – elastical
elektrárna – power plant
elektrický - electical
elektromagnetický - electromagnetical
F
forma – form
G
gravitace – gravitation
H
helium - helium
hořet – burn
CH
chemický – chemical
chladit - cool
K
kapacita – capacity
kinetický – kinetical
kolísat - wobble
kvantita – množství
M
magnetický - magnetic
masa – mass
mez - boundary
N
náhodný – random
nevratný – non-reversible
nukleární - nuclear
O
objekt – object
obsahovat – contain
obvod - circuit
oxidace - oxidation
P
plazma - plasma
pole – field
polonium - polonium
potencionální – potentional
proměnit – transform
proton - proton
předmět - object
přeměnit – convert
převládat - predominate
R
radioaktivní - radioactive
rotace – rotation
rozdělit - split
S
setrvačnost - inertia
snížit – decrease
spalování – combustion
stlačit - compress
světlo – light
Š
štěpení - fission
T
teplo - heat
termální - thermal
tlačit – push
tlak – pressure
U
uspořádání - configuration
V
vlna – wave
vratný - reversible
vyrobit - produce
vzdálenost – distance
Z
zachování – conservation
zákon - law
zastavit – stop
zničit - destroy
zvednout – lift
zvýšit - increase
How would you explain these forms of energy? Can you give examples as well?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Kinetic
Chemical
Electric
Magnetic
Radiant
Nuclear
Elastic
Sound
Thermal
Gravitational
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
What kind of energy is produced during these activities?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Riding a roller-coaster
Photosynthesis
Cyclist using a dynamo
Spacecraft landing on Moon
Oxidation
Clapping
Playing billiards
Digestion of food
Burning
Switching on a generator
Flowing water
Having an X-ray
Feeling the warmth of a campfire on your face
Snapping your fingers
Running
Kicking the soccer ball
Discussion
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What is energy? Who invented it?
When did people start to be interested in energy?
How is energy „created“?
How is it stored?
How is it distributed?
Is it dangerous anyhow?
Can you comment these pictures and
their relationship to energy?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
Energy in context
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
How is the term „energy“ used in chemistry?
What kind of energy do we talk about in biology?
What happens in a volcano before the erruption?
What happens during an earthquake?
How important are fats and calories in human life?
What is the food chain and what kind of energy is produced during that process?
What do you know about these machines that are used for producing energy?
TURBINE, GENERATOR, ENGINE
Comment these facts
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
If a person yelled for 8 years, 7 months, and 6 days, he or she would produce
enough energy to heat one cup of coffee.
Energy cannot be destroyed or created—only transformed.
The top seven oil consumers combined use more than half of the world’s total.
The United States alone uses more than a quarter.
Nuclear power produces around 13% of the world's electricity.
Space missions have been using solar energy to power spaceships since 1958.
Although the sun is over 90 million miles from the Earth, it takes less than 10
minutes for light to speed across that distance.
Petroleum oil provided 18 percent of energy for electricity in 1973 and less than 1
percent in 2011.
Energy - links
1) http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter01.html - Co je to
energie? Informační rozcestník
2) http://www.eschooltoday.com/energy/kinds-of-energy/all-about-
energy.html - druhy energie
3) http://sayitwithscience.tumblr.com/post/8104049758/there-are-9types-of-energy-chemical-energy - vysvětlení druhů energie
4) http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/u5l1c.cfm - fyzikální
rozcestník, energie
5) http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_ocr_gatew
ay/forces/energyrev1.shtml - kinetická energie
6) http://www.acoustic-glossary.co.uk/sound-energy.htm - zvuková
energie
7) http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks3/science/energy_electricity_force
s/energy_transfer_storage/revision/5/ - přesun energie
8) http://www.physics4kids.com/files/thermo_intro.html - vysvětlení
energie pro děti
9) http://www1.curriculum.edu.au/sciencepd/energy/chem.htm druhy energie, příklady a vysvětlení
10) http://www.electricityforum.com/ - elektrická energie
11) http://www.fi.edu/guide/hughes/10types/typesgrav.html - novinky a
informace ze světa energií
12) http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/Blogs/climate/1
Energy industry – dictionary and phrases
A
alternativní – alternative
B
benzinová pumpa – petrol station, gas station
C
cíl – goal
civilizace - civilization
Č
čištění – refining
D
distribuce – distribution
dopad - impact
doprava – transportation
dostupný – available
dotace – subsidy
drát - wire
E
elektrárna – powerplant
emise - emission
energie - energy
F
faktor – factor
fosilní - fossil
funkce – function
G
globální – global
globální oteplování – global warming
H
hydroelektrický hydroelectrical
I
infrastruktura – infrastructure
J
jaderná elektrárna – nuclear powerplant
K
klíčový – crucial
L
legislativa - legislation
M
management – management
měď – copper
N
národní - national
O
obnovitelný – renewable
oteplování - warming
P
palivo – fuel
petroleum – ropa
poptávka – demand
poskytovatel – provider
potrubí - pipeline
plyn - gas
plýtvání – wastage
princip - principle
prodej – sale
produkce – production
prostředí - environment
průmysl – industry
R
rafinerie – rafiners
ropa – oil
ropná skvrna – oil spillage
rtuť - mercury
S
sektor - sector
skleníkový efekt – greenhouse effect
smog - smog
solární – solar
společnost - society
spotřeba – consuption
stříbro - silver
T
tání – melting
tanker - tanker
teplota - temperature
těžba – extraction
trend - trend
trh - market
U
udržitelný – sustainable
uhlí - coal
V
větrná elektrárna – wind plant
vodní elektrárna – water plant
vývoj – development
vztah - relationship
Z
zachránit – save
zákon - law
zboží - goods
zdroj – resource
zdanění - taxation
znečištění - pollution
What energy cources are necessary in these industries?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
AGRICULTURE
TRANSPORTATION
WASTE COLLECTION
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
COMMUNICATIONS
People need a lot of devices for their life. Can you comment these devices and
their use? How did they change people´s lives?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Dishwasher
Air-conditioning
Computer
Sewing machine
Printer
Slot machine
CNC machines
Brick making machine
Anaesthetic machine
X-ray machine
What is the environmental impact of energy production?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
What are natural resources? Can you name any of them?
Where are they?
Why do we want them?
What do we use them for?
Are the reserves unlimited?
What will we do when there are no natural resources?
What is pollution?
How can we limit it?
What is the „greenhouse effect“?
What causes „global warming“? Do you believe in it?
What do you know about these elements: beryllium, cadmium, chromium,
copper, manganese, mercury, nickel and silver?
12. What is renewable energy?
13. What kind of powerplants do you know and which of them are the biggest
pollutants?
14. Why are there wars to get more resources?
How do these „issues“ influence global energetics?
1. TERRORISM
2. WARS
3. RELIGION
4. NATURAL DISASTER
5. ACCIDENT
6. POLITICAL SYSTEM
7. POVERTY
8. EXPORT AND IMPORT
Transport
1. What kinds of transport do you know?
2. How does transport influence the environment?
3. What kinds of fuel can means of transport use?
4. What is the energy of the future? What do you think?
5. How is energy transported?
6. What is the difference between a wire and a pipeline?
There are the principles of energetics. Can you explain them and comment them?
Zeroth principle of energetics
If two thermodynamic systems A and B are in thermal equilibrium, and B and C are also in thermal
equilibrium, then A and C are in thermal equilibrium.
First principle of energetics
The increase in the internal energy of a system is equal to the amount of energy added to the
system by heating, minus the amount lost in the form of work done by the system on its
surroundings.
Second principle of energetics
The total entropy of any isolated thermodynamic system tends to increase over time, approaching a
maximum value.
Third principle of energetics
As a system approaches absolute zero of temperature all processes cease and the entropy of the
system approaches a minimum value or zero for the case of a perfect crystalline substance.
Fourth principle of energetics
In the field of ecological energetics H.T. Odum considered maximum power, the fourth principle of
energetics. Odum also proposed the maximum empower principle as a corollary of the maximum
power principle, and considered it to describe the propensities of evolutionary self-organization.
Fifth principle of energetics
Task
The energy quality factor increases hierarchically. Flows of energy develop hierarchical webs in
which inflowing energies interact and are transformed by work processes into energy forms of
higherEach
quality
that feedback
actions,
helping
to maximise
the power
of the
system.
1.
students
makesamplifier
up his/her
own
fraction
or percent
task and
gives
it to the
Sixthothers.
principle
of energetics
Then
the student explains the solution to the others.
Material cycles have hierarchical patterns measured by the energy/mass ratio that determines its
zone and pulse frequency in the energy hierarchy.
Energy industry - links
1) http://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/energy_sector.asp - definice
pojmu
2) http://www.theguardian.com/business/energy-industry -
energetický průmysl
3) http://www.economist.com/topics/energy-industry - zprávy,
energetický průmysl
4) http://www.bloomberg.com/news/energy/ - vývoj celosvětové
energetiky
5) http://www.dhs.gov/energy-sector - americký energetický plán
6) http://www.teitimes.com/ - vývoj celosvětových energií
7) http://www.alternative-energy-news.info/technology/industrynews/ - alternativní energie a jejich preference
8) http://www.europarl.europa.eu/committees/en/ITRE/home.html EU a její postoj k energiím
9) http://www.forbes.com/energy/ - nové energie a trendy
10) http://www.cnbc.com/id/19836768 - energetické zprávy na CNBC
11) http://www.vlada.cz/en/clenove-vlady/premier/vyznamneprojevy/jan-fischer-energy-industry-is-one-of-the-principalpriorities-not-only-of-the-czech-presidency-58672/ - přístup vlády ČR
k energiím
12) http://www.czech.cz/en/Business/Economic-facts/The-energyindustry - průmysl v ČR
Optics – dictionary and phrases
A
absorbce - absorption
astronomie – astronomy
B
barva – colour
blikat – twinkle
bod - point
brýle - glasses
C
cestovat – travel
Č
čočka - lens
D
duha - rainbow
E
elektromagnetický – electromagnetic
F
fata morgána – mirage
fáze – phase
fotoaparát - camera
fotografie - photography
foton – photon
H
hologram - hologram
I
infračervený – infrared
intenzita - intensity
interakce – interation
K
kmitání – oscillation
kompaktní disk – compact disc
konstrukce – construction
L
laser – laser
lupa – magnifying glass
M
medicína – medicine
mikroskop - microscope
mikrovlna - microwave
N
narušení - interference
nástroj – instrument
nebe - sky
neviditelný – invisible
O
obrácený - inverted
odrážet se – reflect
oftalmologie - ophtalmology
ohnout – bend
oko – eye
optik - optician
P
paprsek – ray
polarizace - polarization
povrch – surface
pozorovatel - viewer
přímka – line
přírodní - natural
R
radiace – radiation
rádio - radio
rentgen – X-ray
rozkyv - amplitude
rozsah - range
rychlost - velocity
S
sítnice - retina
smysl – sense
spektrum - spectrum
světlo – light
světlý - bright
T
teleskop – telescope
tmavý - dark
U
úhel - angle
ultrafialový - ultraviolet
V
viditelný – visible
virtuální - virtual
vlna – wave
vnímání – perception
vzdálenost – distance
vzor - pattern
Z
zakřivený – curved
zaměření – focus
zdroj – source
zornice - pupil
zrcadlo - mirror
Discusstion
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
What are some key words of „optics“?
What kinds of light do you know?
What are some qualities of light?
What is a ray?
What are some devices using light, rays and reflection?
What is a magnifying glass and what is/was it used for?
What do you know about history of photography and photographical
devices?
What colours can be seen in a rainbow and how is it formed?
What is reflection? Where can it be found?
What is the difference between a mirror with flat or curved surface?
What is „focus“ and what is it good for?
What is the connection between optics and scanners and photocopiers?
What are „contact lenses“? Who uses them and why? How do they help?
What do you know about the inventor of contact lenses?
Is the speed of light important in optics? Why? Why not?
How is the speed of light measured?
How is light used in the production of televisions?
What is polarization and what kinds do you know?
What is „lazer“?
How is laser created?
What is laser good for?
What is produced with the help of laser?
How is laser used in medicine and other sciences?
Why did people invent holograms?
What are some parts of the human eye?
How does the human eye work?
Who is an ophtalmologist?
Why do people wear glasses? How do they help us?
What kind of optical illusions have you seen in your life?
What is perspective and how is it used?
What is the difference between a microscope and a telescope?
Can you exmplain these phenomena?
a) Halo
b) Afterglow
c) Sunrise
d) Sunset
e) Rainbow in an oil spill
Explain these terms
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
ABSORPTION OF LIGHT
ANGLE OF REFLECTION
BINOCULARS
CAMERA LENS
CAMERA OBSCURA
GLOSS
HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM
LIGHT BULB
PERISCOPE
SHADOW
Where and how are these rays and waves used?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Gamma rays
X-rays
Ultraviolet
Visible
Infrared
Microwave
Radio
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
Find the correct answer
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Light is composed of waves and particles called:
A electrons
B quarks
C photons
The visible spectrum of light from the longest to shortest wavelength is:
A violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, red
B infrared, ultraviolet, gamma, X-rays, microwaves
C red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet
The speed of light in a vacuum is:
A 300 000 km/s
B 300 000 m/s
C 1 000 000 m/s
The bending of light as it travels from one medium to another is:
A reflection
B imaging
C refraction
A transparent object with flat surfaces that is used to separate the visible light
spectrum into its different colours is called a:
A laser
B prism
C lens
An object under white light which reflects green light and absorbs the other six
colours of the spectrum will appear the colour of:
A mostly red-orange B blue-purple
C green
Optics - links
1) http://optics.org/ - optika
2) http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/home.cfm - časopis o optice
3) http://www.optics4kids.org/ - věda a optika pro děti
4) http://www.atoptics.co.uk/ - atmosféra vs. optika
5) http://optics.synopsys.com/learn/learn-optics-kids.html - optika pro
děti
6) http://spie.org/optics-photonics.xml - informace o optice a jejich
odvětvích
7) http://www.osa-opn.org/home/ - novinky ze světa optiky
8) http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/matter_energy/nature_of_light/
- informace z vědy a techniky
9) http://www.optics4kids.org/home/illusions/ - optické iluze
10) http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/sciencefacts/light.html - fakta o světle
11) http://www.neok12.com/Light-Optics.htm - videa - optika
12) http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/demolab/html.php?html=kidoptics/kid
optx - optika, rozcestník
13) http://a2zhomeschooling.com/explore/physics_kids/color_light_opti
cs_kids/ - optika pro děti, lekce a odkazy
14) http://spaceplace.nasa.gov/laser/ - co je to laser?
15) http://ffden2.phys.uaf.edu/212_fall2003.web.dir/James_Becwar/uses/ - využití
laseru
Motion – dictionary and phrases
A
aplikovat – apply
atom – atom
B
buňka - cell
Č
čas - time
D
dimenze - dimension
dokázat – prove
dopředu-dozadu – back and forth
dráha - track
E
existence – existence
G
galaxie - galaxy
H
hybnost – momentum
J
jednoduchý - simple
K
klid – rest
klika – crank
kliková hřídel - crankshaft
konstantní – constant
kroutivá síla - torque
kruhový – circular
křivka - curve
kyvadlo - pendulum
kulovitý – spherical
L
lokomotiva - locomotive
M
magnetické pole – magnetic field
mechanika – mechanics
molekula - molecule
N
náhodný - random
napětí – friction
nehybný – stationary
nepostřehnutelný - imperceptible
netečnost – inertia
O
odsunutí - displacement
opačný – opposite
osa - axis
P
pára - steam
pevný – solid
pila - saw
pohyb – movement
posuvný - sliding
pravidelný - periodic
pravidlo – rule
projektil - projectile
prostor – space
prostorový – spatial
pružina - spring
pružný - elastic
předmět – object
pumpa - pump
R
reakce - reaction
relativita – relativity
rovný – equal
rozšiřování - diffusion
rychlost - speed
S
síla – force
směr – direction
srazit se - collide
světlo – light
T
tekutina - fluid
teorie – theory
V
vakuum – vacuum
Z
zpátečnický - retrograde
zpětný - reciprocating
zrychlení - acceleration
zůstat - remain
Can you comment these 3 Newton´s laws of motion? What do they mean?
1.
2.
3.
An object in motion tends to remain in motion and an object at rest tends to
remain at rest.
Force equals mass times acceleration.
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
What do you know about the motion of these objects?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
STARS
SPACECRAFT
GALAXY
PROJECTILE
CAR
ARROW
LIGHT
SOUND
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Discussion
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
What is quantum mechanics? What does it deal with?
What do you know about the motion of molecules, atoms, protons and other
particles?
Can you comment these imperceptible motions?
a) Universe
b) Sun
c) Earth
d) Continents
e) Our body
f) Cells
What is a pendulum? How does it work?
What does a spring look like? When and how is it used?
Which machines use reciprocating motion?
What kind of motion can be found in an engine?
What do you know about the „Brownian motion“? Where can it be found?
Can you name any fun-fair attractions and describe their motion?
Why do planets rotate?
What would happen if the Earth stopped rotating?
Can you name any sports using rotation for achieving better performance?
What is the difference between rolling and rotating?
Where can we find examples of rolling?
Choose whether the following statements are true or false
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Everything in the universe moves.
The Sun is moving around our galaxy.
There are four Newton´s laws of motion.
Changes in motion won't just happen on their own.
Acceleration is a measure of how much the velocity of an object changes in 5
minutes.
6. Mass is the amount of something and is measured in grams (or kilograms).
7. Potential energy is observed when an object is in motion.
8. If you do not apply a force to an object in motion, it will forever stay in motion.
9. Friction can be eliminated with modern materials.
10. Gravity is increased when you increase distance.
Devide the following movements according to Newton´s laws of motion
Can you describe each movement?
PULLING A ROPE
WATERFALL
PUSHING A SHOPPING CART
SNOWBOARNING
SWINGING
PUSHING A HEAVY BOX ON A RAMP
CAR CRASH
First law of motion
SKATING
THROWING A BALL
HAMMER HITTING A NAIL
MOVING OF A TRAIN
BASEBALL PLAYING
JOGGING
DRIVING
Second law of motion
Third law of motion
How important is motion in our lives?
Why do we need to understand it?
Do you think that future scientists will find new facts about motion and its types?
Motion - links
1) http://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/ - vysvětlení geometrie pro
Equations- dictionary and phrases
A
algoritmus - algorithm
analogie - analogy
B
bilance - balance
binární – binary
bod – point
C
celočíslo – integer
Č
čtvrtá odmocnina – fourth foot
D
derivate - derivation
dimenze – dimension
disekce - dissection
doména – domain
dotýkat se - touch
druhá odnocnina – square root
E
ekvivalentní – equivalent
extrapolace – extrapolation
G
graf - graph
H
hodnota – value
J
jednorozměrný - univariate
K
koeficient – coefficient
konečný - finite
konstanta - constant
kruh – circle
L
levá strana – right side
linka – line
M
matice - matrix
N
nekonečný - infinite
nerovnost - inequality
neznámá – unknown
O
omezený – limited
operátor - operator
P
pravá strana – right side
prohlášení - statement
proměnná – variable
protnout – cross
průsečík - intercept
předpokládat – assume
přepsat – rewrite
přesnost - accuracy
přidat - add
R
racionální číslo – rational number
relace – relation
rovina - plane
rovnoběžný – parallel
rovnost – equality
rozhodnutí - decision
Ř
řešení – solution
S
skalár - scalar
sklon - slope
souřadnice – coordinates
soustava – system of equations
společný – common
strana - side
T
třetí odmocina – cube root
tvrzení – proposition
U
unikátní - unique
V
vektor – vector
vlastnosti - properties
výraz – expression
vzniknout - arise
vzorec – formula
vztah - relation
Z
zápis - notation
Discussion
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What is the equation good for?
Can you mention some typical everyday situations when equation could be
used?
Are there many types of equations?
Why are there letters used in equations?
Is it difficult to make children understand equations?
Do you think your maths books are good at explaining things to children or
would you like to have another books or change something in them?
Can you read and solve these equations?
1.
2.
3.
4.
x + 2 = 17 – 4x
6 + 10n – 4n = n + 1
10 – 8x = -2x + 4x
-7p – 10 = -8p – 4p
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
5.
6.
7.
8.
| 3+k | = 8
|k–5|=0
|1+v|=4
|t+5|=6
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
9.
15 – w = 22
6
10. 30 = 10 + 4m
3
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
Can you find the correct answer?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What is a proportion? Are equations used for counting proportions?
What is the difference between the square equation and quadratic equation?
What kind of curves do you know? What are they good for?
What are parentheses?
What is the function of zero in equations?
Are there any famous equations you can mention and explain a bit?
a)
________________________________________________________
b)
________________________________________________________
c)
________________________________________________________
d)
________________________________________________________
Can you solve these mathematical problems?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Gabriela sold half of her comic books and then bought 15 more. Now she has 34.
With how many did she begin?
Jack won 71 lollipops playing basketball. At school he gave 3 lollipops to each
student in his maths class. Now he has 5 remaining lollipops. How many students
are there in his class?
Jane bought a magazine for 5.76$ and 3 erasers. She spent a total of 12.24$. How
much did each eraser cost?
For a trip 17 students rode in cars and the rest filled 6 buses. How many students
were in each bus when 293 students were on the trip?
What can you see in
the image?
Can you explain the use
of each equation?
Which of these images
are not equations?
Why?
Which of the equations
is the most difficult for
the children to
understand?
Can you comment these words, use them in a sentence and explain them?
POINT
LINE
SQUARE ROOT
EQUAL
VALUE
GRAPH
DIMENSION
VECTOR
SOLUTION
FORMULA
UNKNOWN
COEFFICIENT
FINITE
INFINITE
CUBE ROOT
RATIONAL NUMBER
IRRATIONAL NUMBER
PLANE
MATRIX
SIDE
FRACTION
Equations - links
1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equation - základní informace o
rovnicích a druzích rovnic
2) http://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/equation-formula.html -
vysvětlení rovnic pro děti
3) http://www.aaamath.com/equ.htm - úvod do rovnic, příklady a
vysvětlení
4) http://www.purplemath.com/modules/solveabs.htm - řešení rovnic video
5) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bqn8p3f7p1Y – úvod do rovnic,
video pro děti
6) http://algebra4children.com/examples_simultaneous_equation_sub
stitution.html - pracovní sešity a aktivity pro děti
7) http://www.mathworksheets4kids.com/equations/one-step.html pracovní aktivity pro děti – rovnice
8) http://www.algebra4children.com/printables.html - procvičení
rovnic, různá obtížnost
9) http://www.superteacherworksheets.com/equations.html - velký
rozcestník matematických materiálů
10) http://www.files.chem.vt.edu/RVGS/ACT/notes/Types_of_Equations.
html - zajímavá fakta o rovnicích
11) http://www.businessinsider.com/the-17-equations-that-changedthe-world-2012-7?op=1 – 17 nejdůležitějších rovnic
Famous mathematicians - dictionary and phrases
A
analytický – analytical
Č
černá díra – black hole
D
definice – definition
diferenciální geometrie – differential geometry
doměnka – conjecture
dvourozměrný – 2-dimensional
dymanika - dynamics
důkaz – proof
E
ekonomika – economics
etika - ethics
G
geodezie – geodesy
geofyzika - geophysics
graf - graph
K
kalkulačka – calculator
kartografie - cartography
klíčová postava – key figure
klíčový - pivotal
kontinuita - continuity
L
logaritmus - logarithm
M
mechanika – mechanics
metafyzika - metaphysics
N
nebeský - celestial
O
obrana – defense
optika - optics
osoba – person
P
platnost - validity
pohyb – motion
pochyba – doubt
povrch - surface
pravděpodobnost - probability
princip – principle
předmět - subject
příspěvek - contribution
publikovat – publish
R
racionalismus - rationalism
realizace - implementation
rychlost zvuku – speed of sound
S
sloupec - column
spisovatel – writer
statistika - statistics
T
teorie – theory
trojrozměrný – 3-dimensional
tvrzení - statement
V
vědec – scientist
vynálezce - intentor
Z
základy – foundation
zakřivení - curvature
zákon – law
zhoršení - deterioration
ISAAC NEWTON
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
When did he live?
What was he interested in?
What did he found and invent?
What are his „law of motion“?
He invented one of the first telescopes. What is a
telescope good for?
Newton was interested in gravitation. What is it and
how does it affect us?
BLAISE PASCAL
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
When did he live? Where did he live?
What was he interested in?
He was interested in fluids? Why is it important to
understand the qualities of fluids?
He invented the first calculator. What can you say
about calculators in general and what do you know
about their history?
He combined mathematics and philosophy. How is
maths and philosophy connected?
LEONHARD EULER
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
When did he live? Where did he live?
He invented the graph theory. What are the graphs
good for in our lives. Where can we see them and
do you personally use them?
He was interested in cartography. What is it? Why is
it useful?
Euler spent his live in Russia and Germany. Which
were some other countries and places where
mathematicians and philosophers lived and
studied?
Euler was interested in general analysis. What in
maths can be analysed and why do we need to
analyse things?
CARL GAUSS
1.
2.
3.
4.
Do you know him? What do you know about
him?
He was interested in geophysics and geodesy,
what are they about?
A few things and places were named after
Gauss. Can you think of any of them?
He was fond of differencial geometry? What is
it used for? Do you understand it?
GOTTFRIEND WILHELM LEIBNIZ
1. Who was he?
2. What has his field of interest?
3. He wrote the „Law of continuity“. What is it?
4. He added multiplication and division to Pascals
calculator – why did the people need these
functions? What for and in which areas was the
calculator used?
5. He was one of those who invented the binary
number system – where is it used and why was
this invention important?
PIERRE SIMON LAPLACE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Do you know this matematician?
He was an astronomer and one of the first ones
to mention „black holes“. What is it? How is it
formed? What do people think about them? And
do they really exist?
He was also interested into the speed of sound.
Why is it important to understand it? When and
for what is it used?
What do you think that all the matematicians
thought about religion and God? What did they
believe in and what do you think that people
thought about them?
Was the life of a matematician a hard life?
Famous matematicians - links
1) http://fabpedigree.com/james/mathmen.htm - 30 největších
matematiků
2) http://www.kidsmathgamesonline.com/facts/famousmathematician
s.html - známí matematikové
3) http://listverse.com/2010/12/07/top-10-greatest-mathematicians/ 10 nejznámějších matematiků včetně moderních
4) http://www.gradeamathhelp.com/famous-math-people.html matematici a jejich vynálezy a názory
5) http://www.biography.com/people/groups/academics/mathematicia
ns - seznam matematiků a rozcestník na jejich stránky
6) http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/alpha.htm - ženy v
matematice a informace o nich
7) http://www.kidsmathgamesonline.com/pictures/mathematicians.ht
ml - obrázky známých matematiků
8) http://www.buzzle.com/articles/famous-mathematicians.html matematici dle národnosti
9) http://www.dmoz.org/Kids_and_Teens/School_Time/Math/Mathem
aticians/ - matematický rozcestník, kvízy a testy
10) http://www.funtrivia.com/trivia-quiz/People/FamousMathematicians-114462.html - kvíz (matematici)
11) http://www.quia.com/quiz/104806.html - kvíz pro děti
Graphs and charts - dictionary and phrases
A
aplikace – application
B
bublina - bubble
Č
časová osa - timeline
číselný – numerical
D
dílek (koláče) - slice
dílkování – graduation
duální - dual
G
grafický – graphical
H
hodnota - value
horizontální – horizontal
J
jev - phenomenon
K
kapacita - capacity
konec – end
konektivita - connectivitiy
koncový bod – end point
křivka - curve
kvalitativní – qualitative
M
mřížka – grid
N
nepravidelný - irregular
O
obdélník – rectangle
okraj - edge
osa - axis
P
podskupina - subset
popisek - legend
porozumění - understanding
poskytnout – provide
pravidelný - regular
procento – percentage
proud - streem
R
radar - radar
rodokmen – pedigree
Ř
řád – order
S
sdílet – share
síť - network
smyčka – loop
sousedící - adjacent
specifický – specific
spojený – connected
spojit - join
struktura – structure
stupeň - degree
symbol – symbol
Š
šipka - arrow
T
tečka – dot
teplota - temperature
U
účel - purpose
údaje – data
úrok – interest rate
V
velikost - size
vertikální – vertical
vrcholek – vertex
všeobecný - universal
výskyt - incidence
význam – meaning
vztah - relationship
Z
zobrazení - representation
Discussion
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What is a graph?
What is it good use for?
What kind of graphs do you know?
What kind of information can I find in a graf?
Look at the image below and try to quess what is each graph used for, how do
you understand these graphs and which ones to do find easy to understand and
which ones do you think are quite complicted.
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
Can you answer these questions?
1.
Can you draw an example of a.........?
HISTOGRAM
BAR CHART
PIE CHART
LINE CHART
2.
3.
4.
5.
Can you explain directed graphs?
Can you explain indirected graphs?
What is a mixed graph?
32 children voted for their favourite ice-cream flavour. How many children
voted for chocolate?
a) draw the graph and find out the correct answer
b) ¼ vanilla, 1/8 strawberry, ¼ lemon, 3/8 chocolate
6.
A class of 30 voted for their favourite actor who played James Bond.
How many voted for Sean Connery?
How many did not vote for George Lazenby?
How many more children voted for Pierce Brosnan than Roger Moore?
How many children all together voted for Sean Connery and Roger Moore?
WHEN 2/5 voted for Pierce Brosnan, 1/10 for Timothy Dalton, 1/5 Roger Moore,
1/5 Sean Connery, 1/10 George Lazenby
Draw the graph and answer the questions.
7.
Which type of graph would you choose for showing how the price of gasoline
changes each month over a year?
Which type of graph would you choose for showing the attendence in your
class?
What is the name of the graph that uses pictures and symbols to show data?
8.
9.
Graphs and charts - links
1) http://math.pppst.com/graphs.html - grafy pro děti a učitele
2) http://nces.ed.gov/nceskids/createagraph/ - vytvoř si vlastní graf
3) http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Graph.html - grafy, matematický
rozcestník
4) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HmQR8Xy9DeM – druhy grafů,
video
5) http://www.amathsdictionaryforkids.com/mathsCharts.html statistika a grafy pro děti (moc hezké)
6) http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/standard/maths_i/relationships/data
_graphs/revision/1/ - typy grafů
7) http://www.turtlediary.com/kids-games/math-topics/graphsgames.html - matematické hry pro školní děti
8) http://www.readingrockets.org/article/43814/ - jak stvořit graf
9) http://homeschooling.about.com/od/chartsandgraphs/Understandin
g_Charts_and_Graphs.htm - jak učit děti grafy
10) http://library.thinkquest.org/20991/alg2/graphs.html - složitější
matemetické grafy a funkce
11) http://www.khanacademy.org/math/trigonometry/functions_and_g
raphs/function_introduction/v/functions-as-graphs - video matematické funkce
12) http://www.cliffsnotes.com/math/statistics/graphic-displays/quizpie-chart - matematické kvízy
Maths around us - dictionary and phrases
B
bankovka - banknote
C
cesta – journey
Č
čas - time
D
délka – length
den - day
drahý - expensive
drobné change
H
hodinky - watch
hodiny – clock
hra – game
hrát – play
K
kalendář - calendar
kilogram – kilogramme
koupit - buy
L
lék - medicine
levný – cheap
litr - litre
M
měsíc - month
množství – amount
N
nejmenší – the smallest
největší – the biggest
P
peníze – money
pilulka – pill
platit - pay
počasí – weather
podobný - similar
poplatek – fee, charge
poražený – loser
prodat sell
přidat – add
R
roční období - season
rychlost - speed
S
skóre – score
směnárna – exchange office
směnný kurz – exchange rate
sport – sport
statistika – statistics
stejný – the same
stupeň – degree
symetrie – symmetry
T
týden - week
V
váha – scales (přístroj)
váha – weight (člověka)
vážit - weigh
vítěz – winner
výlet - trip
výsledek – result
vzdálenost – distance
Jak dlouho to trvá?
Kdo vyhrál?
Kolik je hodin?
Je pozdě.
Je brzy.
Má moc práce.
Kolik to stojí?
Máte drobné?
Kolik vám dlužím?
Je to drahé.
Je to levné.
Kde je směnárna?
Máte eura?
Kolik je poplatek?
Kolik chcete kil?
Kolik stojí kilo?
Kolik vody mám přidat?
Kolik to váží?
Kolik si toho mám vzít?
Jak často si to mámn brát?
Jaké je počasí?
Jak rychle jedete?
Jak často jezdíte?
How long does it take?
Who won?
What´s the time?
It´s late.
It´s (too) soon.
He´s busy.
How much is it?
Do you have change?
How much do I owe you?
It´s expensive.
It´s cheap.
Where is the exchange office?
Do you have euros?
How much is the free/charge?
How many kilos do you want?
How much is one kilo?
How much water shall I add?
How much does it weigh?
How much shall I take?
How often shall I take it?
What is the weather like?
How fast do you go?
How often do you know?
SPORTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Can you name any individual sports?
Can you name any team sports?
Can you name any sports where the team has only 2 members?
Can you name any sports in which the sportsmen need to score?
Can you name any sports where time is very important?
Can you name any sports with subjective evaluation?
Which sport and system of evaluation is your favourite?
TRAVELLING
1. What does it mean to come late?
2. What can you do not to come late?
3. What is a delay?
4. What means of transport do you know and which one is the most reliable?
5. What can go wrong when it comes to different kinds of transport?
6. Can you compare prices of various means of transport?
7. What are emissions? What do they consist of?
8. What can you use maths for during your holiday?
TIME
1. Why do people need to learn to tell the time?
2. What would happen if people didn´t have any watches?
3. Do you think that our lives are faster than they used to be? Why?
4. Why does 5min sometimes seem so long and sometimes so short?
5. Do you always come on time?
6. How do you feel when you are late?
7. What do you think about people who come late?
8. What is a timetable?
9. What is a schedule?
10. Do you carefully plan your days?
SHOPPING
1. Do you like shopping?
2. How often do you go shopping?
3. How much do you usually spend?
4. Is living in the Czech Republic getting more and more expensive? Why?
5. Can you buy everything you want?
6. Do you think some people buy more than they need?
7. Should we plan our shopping?
8. How should we plan our budget?
EXCHANGE OFFICE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
When do go to the exchange office?
What currencies can I get there?
What is an exchange rate?
What can you say about the changing exchange rate between EURO and THE
CZECH CROWN?
What is a „fee“? Why is it paid?
COOKING
1. Do we need maths in the kitchen? When?
2. What gadgets help us with measuring in the kitchen?
3. Why do I need to know exact numbers in the kitchen?
MEDICINE
1. What would happen if people didn´t use maths when it comes to mediation?
2. What forms of medication do you know?
3. What is a „dose“?
4. What does it mean to overdose someone?
5. Do you remember any case when someone overdosed other people on purpose?
CALENDAR
1. What is a calendar? What is it good for?
2. Is there only one kind of calendar in the world?
3. What kinds of calendar do you know?
4. Which month and season are your favourite any why?
REPETITION
1. Is there anything that you do EVERY day?
2. What do you do only ONCE a week?
3. How OFTEN do you go on holiday?
4. What would you NEVER do and why?
5. Have you EVER tried any adrenalin sport?
6. Is there any food that you have ALWAYS wanted to try?
7. How OFTEN do you cook?
8. How many times have you moved in your life?
9. How many times have you been abroad?
10. How many times have you tasted something really discusting?
11. Have you EVER seen any accident?
12. Have you EVER been to a bank abroad?
Maths around us - links
1) http://www.slideshare.net/kpunu2076/maths-in-daily-life matematika v našem životě – prezentace
2) http://pinterest.com/karenpinto/math-all-around-us/ - matematika
okolo nás – obrázky a vysvětlení
3) http://www.missmaggie.org/scholastic/roundtheworld_eng_launche
r.html - hra - kolem světa za 80sekund
4) http://mrnussbaum.com/aroundtheworld/ - online matematická hra
5) http://www.creativetallis.com/how-maths-is-taught-across-theworld.html - přístup k výuce matematiky ve světě
6) http://asiasociety.org/education/resources-schools/professionallearning/understanding-world-through-math - matematika vs. svět
kolem nás
7) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AYIQYZuQNMw – videa –
matematika a my
8) http://www.educationworld.com/a_curr/archives/math.shtml finanční povědomí
9) http://www.slideshare.net/mrsd8/math-is-all-around-us-8728078 prezentace - matematiky kolem nás
10) http://www.powershow.com/view1/1583e2MmFlY/Math_is_All_Around_Us_powerpoint_ppt_presentation prezentace - nejen matematické
11) https://sites.google.com/site/merit0910annettejuanita/activities -
Final revision, conversation, practical use of
mathematics, game and quizes – dictionary
A
absolutní - absolute
Č
čas - time
číselný obor – numeric field
D
definice – definition
dělit - divide
důkaz – proof
F
frekvence - frequency
H
hodnota – field
J
jmenovatel - denominator
K
koeficient - coefficient
kombinace - combination
konjunkce – conjunction
konstatní – constant
korelace - corellation
kvadratický - quadratic
L
levý - left
lineární – linear
linka – line
M
místo - place
N
náhodný - random
negace – negation
nereálný - unreal
nezávislost - independency
O
operace – operation
opečení - rotation
P
permutace – permutation
počítání - counting
podmínka - condition
poměr - ratio
posunutí – displacement
pravděpodobnost - probability
pravý - right
proměnná – variable
prostor – space
R
reálný - real
relativní - relative
rovina - plane
rovnice – equation
rovný – straight
rozšíření – explansion
Ř
řešení - solution
řešit - solve
T
teorie – theory
transformace - transformation
U
úhel - angle
úsečka - bar
V
vektor - vector
vlastnost - property
výraz - expression
výrok - statement
vztah - relationship
Z
základní – basic
závislost – dependency
zlomek - fraction
znalost - knowledge
BASIC MATHEMATICS
Can you explain these terms? Can you give an example as well?
1.
ELEMENT
______________________________________________
2.
CONJUNCTION
______________________________________________
3.
EQUIVALENCE
______________________________________________
4.
DEFINITION
______________________________________________
5.
PROOF
______________________________________________
6.
NATURAL NUMBERS ______________________________________________
7.
RATIONAL NUMBER ______________________________________________
8.
IRRATIONAL NUMBERS ____________________________________________
9.
NUMERIC FIELD
______________________________________________
10. SECOND AND THIRD SQUARE ROOT __________________________________
11. ESTIMATION
______________________________________________
12. ROUNDING
______________________________________________
13. RESULT
______________________________________________
14. PRIME NUMBERS
______________________________________________
15. ARITHMETIC
______________________________________________
QUESTIONS and ANSWERS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
What is algebra?
What is a formula? Can you give examples of a few formulas and comment
them?
a)
__________________________________________________________
b)
__________________________________________________________
c)
__________________________________________________________
d)
_________________________________________________________
What is quadratic inequality?
What is a parameter? When are they used?
What is planimetry?
How is planimetry used in everyday life?
Is it easy or difficult to teach planimetry? What are the biggest problems for the
students?
What kinds of shapes do you know?
Discussion
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What is a function?
What kinds of functions do you know?
What are they used for?
How do you explain functions to your students?
What is goniometry about? Can you draw and example?
6.
What is trigonometry about? Can you draw and example?
7.
What is stereometry? Can you draw and example?
8. What is the differential calculus?
9. What is the integral calculus?
10. Can you draw and example of a matrix?
11. Can you give an example of a decimal number?
12. Can you write a few fractions and read them aloud?
13. What is a percentage? What is it good for?
14. What is probability?
15. Make a definition of one mathematical term and let the others guess what it is...
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
ALGEBRA
What s
addition?
What is
subtraction?
What is whole
number?
What is
integer?
What is
division?
DECIMALS
Read 0,2
Read 0,258
Read 0,1582
Count 1 –
0,2585 = ?
Count 2 –
0,5588 = ?
EQUATIONS
Give an
example of a 1step equation.
Give an
example of a 2step equation.
What kinds of
equations do
you know?
Can you tell us
some really
famous
equations?
Can you name
a
mathematician
and say what
he is famous
for?
FRACTIONS
What are the
parts of a
fraction?
Explain the
adding of
fractions.
Explain the
subtraction of
fractions.
Explain the
multiplication
of fractions.
Explain the
division of
fractions.
GEOMETRY
Name 5
different
shapes.
What is the
difference
between 2D
and 3D?
Is there
anything like
4D? What is it?
Name 2
formulas for
counting the
2D shapes and
explain them.
Name 2
formulas for
counting the
3D shapes and
explain them.
GRAPHS
What is a
graph?
What kinds of
graphs do you
know?
Draw a „pie“
graph.
Draw a „bar“
graph.
Draw your
favourite type
of graph and
explain it.
MEASUREM
ENT
What are some
units of
weight?
What are some
units of lengh?
What are some
units of time?
Say something
about British
units of
measurement.
Convert:
3m = ____ feet
TIME
How many
seconds are
there in one
hour?
How many
months are
there in one
year?
How many
days are there
in one year?
What kind of
calendars do
you know?
Is time
relative?
Explain it.
JEOPARDY
• the teacher DOESN´T show this worksheet to the students
• each student chooses his/her own question, e.g. „Time for 3000“ – then the teacher
asks the question and the students answers it.
• if the answer is correct – the the student gets the points
• if the answer is not correct – the student gets no points and another student can
continue
• the teacher corrects the wrong answers – nobody gets points for those answers
BIG PRESENTATION
1.
Each student chooses one mathematical field and everyone gets time to
prepare the presentation.
2.
The presentation will contain:
a) explanation
b) practical use
c) a few example and exercises
Quess the word
1.
ALGORITHM
A) the branch of mathematics that deals with the logic and
consistency of mathematical proofs, formulas, and
equations.
2. ANALOGISM
B) the doctrines taught by Pythagoras
3. CALCULUS
C) the branch of mathematics that deals with the
relationships between the sides and the angles of triangles
and the calculations based on them, particularly the
trigonometric functions
4. GEOMETRY
D) any methodology for solving a certain kind of problem
5. METAMATHEMATICS E) the branch of algebra that deals with quadratic
equations
6. PLANIMETRY
F) a system or method of calculation
7. PYTHAGORISM
G) the study of the properties of geometric figures
8. QUADRATICS
H) measurement of plane areas
9. TOPOLOGY
I) the construction of a proportion
10. TRIGONOMETRY
J) the mathematics of the properties, measurement, and
relationships of points, lines, angles, surfaces, and solids
Famous maths quotes... what do you think about them?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
If people do not believe that mathematics is simple, it is only because they do not
realize how complicated life is. ~John Louis von Neumann
Pure mathematics is, in its way, the poetry of logical ideas. ~Albert Einstein
The essence of mathematics is not to make simple things complicated, but to
make complicated things simple. ~S. Gudder
Go down deep enough into anything and you will find mathematics. ~Dean
Schlicter
Sometimes it is useful to know how large your zero is. ~Author Unknown
If there is a God, he's a great mathematician. ~Paul Dirac
Infinity is a floorless room without walls or ceiling. ~Author Unknown
One cannot escape the feeling that these mathematical formulas have an
independent existence and an intelligence of their own, that they are wiser than
we are, wiser even than their discoverers... ~Heinrich Hertz
You and maths
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
When did you become interested in maths?
Why did you decide to study it?
What about your studies? Where did you study and how difficult was it?
Why did you become a teacher?
Say something about your school.
Say something about maths in each grade – what do you teach there?
Which fields of maths are the most popular and which ones are the least popular
of all?
Why do the children like / dislike maths?
What kind of tool do you use during your lessons?
How often do you test your students?
What methods do you use to explain various fields of maths?
What do you think about the „state maturitas“?
Do you think everyone should take the state maturita from maths?
Why is maths important for our future?
How do you think young students should be attracted to mathematical
universities?
What jobs can the students do when they finish mathemtical universities?
Which mathematical problems do you think scientists will be solving in the
future?
Do you think you will spend your life as a teacher of mathematics?
Online games and quizes – links
1) http://www.mathplayground.com/games.html
2) http://www.maths-games.org/
3) http://www.primarygames.com/math.php
4) http://www.coolmath4kids.com/
5) http://www.mathsisfun.com/games/
6) http://www.hoodamath.com/
7) http://www.learninggamesforkids.com/math_games.html
8) http://www.coolmath-games.com/
9) http://mathematics.goodgame.co.in/
10) http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/math.htm
11) http://www.softschools.com/math/
12) http://www.multiplication.com/games
13) http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks1/maths/
14) http://www.sumdog.com/
15) http://www.fun4thebrain.com/mult.html
16) http://www.aaamath.com/
17) http://www.kidzone.ws/math/ - pracovní sešity
18) http://edhelper.com/math.htm - pracovní sešity
19) http://www.kidslearningstation.com/math/ - pracovní sešity
20) http://math.about.com/od/worksheets/Math_worksheets_printable
s_Black_line_masters.htm - pracovní sešity
21) http://www.mathfactcafe.com/home/ - pracovní sešity