Transcript The Revival of Trade

The Crusades
Causes of the Crusades
• Free the Holy Land from Seljuq control
– Seljuq Turks
• Captured Holy Land
– Dates back to when Byzantines still controlled
Constantinople
– Started by Pope Urban II
– 10,000 Europeans joined cause
• Wore a cross on shoulder or back
• Reasons people went:
– To save souls
– Money and land
– Adventure
The First Crusade
• Brought much of the Holy Land under European
control
• Lead by French and Italian Lords
– Lacked food and water
• Brought European customs to Holy Land
– Feudalism
– Fiefs
– Trade
Other Major Crusades
• The Second Crusade
– Failed to recapture Damascus
– France (Louis VII) and Germany (Conrad III)
• The Third Crusade
– Again failed to recapture Jerusalem
– Saladin helped the lead the Muslims to regain control of Jerusalem
– Rome (Barbarossa), France (Phillip II), England (Richard I)
• The Fourth Crusade
– French Knights attacked Constantinople, Europeans still controlled
Constantinople at the end of the 4th crusade
– Constantinople collapsed in 1453
• Other crusades
– crusades continued until the last Christian stronghold, Acre, fell in
1291
Results of the Crusades
• Weapons and warfare
– Crossbow
– New ways to wage war
• Political changes
– Fewer lords
– Stronger kings
– End of feudalism, gave way to a stronger
monarchy
– More powerful Christian church
The Revival of Trade
Trade Routes
• Trade in Italy
– Sea and overland trade routes
• Trade in northern Europe
• Growth in population and wealth occurred as a
result of revival of trade
• The Hanseatic League
– German trading cities joined together to increase trade
– Controlled trade on Baltic and North Sea
Trade Goods and Markets
• Luxury goods
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Dyes
Medicines
Silks
Spices
• Manufactured goods
– Cotton
– Linen
– Art objects
• Local markets gave rise to fairs for sale of imported goods
with added tax
– Barter Economy
– Fairs are where early merchants sold most of their goods
• Social events
– Tournaments