Transcript Europeans Look Outward Chapter 9 Section 3

Europeans
Look Outward
Chapter 9 Section 3
The World in 1050
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During this time, the Muslims were in control of a large
area which extended from Spain to India; traders from that
group traveled across different lands like West Africa and
Asia and spread ideas throughout their journeys
A number system was devised by Indian mathematicians
which was later adapted by the Arabs who handed it down
to the Europeans
The invention of paper, gunpowder, printing, and paper
money were among many of the technological and practical
advances made by the Chinese
The Soninke people (West Africa) constructed a large
Ghanaian trading empire, and traded goods as far away as
Europe and the Middle East
Two American civilizations (the Mayas and Peruvian Native
Americans) built great empires as well as fancy artwork
The Crusades
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The Council of Clermont, which was held in 1095, took
place between the clergymen and nobility; there Pope
Urban II convinced them to start the wars known as the
Crusades
There were various reasons for wanting to start the war;
knights desired greater respect and excitement, but the
pope wanted the Europeans to reclaim their stolen land
from the Turks, heal the schism (split) between the Roman
and Byzantine churches, and prevent Christian from
fighting Christian
In the First Crusade, Jerusalem was conquered by Christian
knights, causing many Muslim and Jewish occupants to be
murdered
In the Third Crusade, the Christians lost Jerusalem to the
Muslims and in the Fourth Crusade, the Muslims emerged
as the triumphant ones
The Crusades Affects Europe
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A strong feeling of enmity (hostility) remained between the
two religions, which usually ended in bloodshed
Trade became larger, and a money economy grew as well;
it soon replaced hard work as a major form of payment
There was more power given to feudal rulers who could
justify tax collection as an aide for the Crusades; the
battles did not help the schism, though
Later, world exploration inspired a small group of Europeans
(like Marco Polo) to travel to distant, foreign lands unknown
to this region
The Reconquista in Spain
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The Reconquista ( or “reconquest”) was created by many
Christian communities who desired to conquer Muslimconquered kingdoms
They recaptured Toledo (in Spain) in 1085
Isabella and Ferdinand helped these communities
reconquer Granada (also in Spain) in 1492
Religious toleration ceased under Isabella, who was backed
by the Inquisition (a Church court) and led a struggle
against non-Christians