Transcript Church Reforms and the Crusades

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Simony
Gothic
Urban II
Crusades
Saladin
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Richard the Lion
Hearted
Reconquista
Inquisition
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910 Clumy in France
› Monastaries led to
spiritual revival
› Return to basic
principles
› New religious orders
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Popes expanded
power and authority
The Age of Faith was
born
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Some priests nearly
illeterate
Barley read prayers
Popes men of
questionable morals
Bishop concerned
more as feudal lord
than religion
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3 main issues
› Village priests were
married and had
families against
church rulings
› Simony-Bishops sold
positions in the
church
› Lay Investiture, kings
appoint bishops
reformers wanted
the church to do it
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Pope Leo IX and
Pope Gregory VII
enforced laws
against simony and
marriage
1100’-1200’ church
restructured to look
like a kingdom
Pope advisors called
the papal Curia
Curia acted as a court
 Canon Law on
marriage, divorce,
inheritance
 Diplomats traveled
through Europe for the
pope
 Church collected
taxes in for of a tithe
 Used money for the
sick and ran most
hospitals
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1200’s monk and
friars took vow of
poverty, chastity,
and obedience
Friars- begged
owned nothing
Dominic- Spanish
priest formed the
Dominicans
› Importance of study
› Were scholars
Francis of Assisi- found
the Franciscans
treated humans and
animals as spiritual
brothers
 1212 Clare and Francis
founded Poor Clares
and order for women
 Women were not
allowed to travel
 Took care of the sick
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Built in cities
800-1100 built in
Romanesque style
› Round arches
› Heavy roofs
› Thick walls
› Pillars
› Tiny windows
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1100’s new style of
architecture
Gothic-comes from
German tribe (Goths)
› Light from huge
stained glass windows
› Sculptures and wood
carvings
› Built like they were
reaching the heavens
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Notre Dame- 100
feet tall
500 gothic churches
built between 11701270
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Urban II called for a
Holy War
Crusades- had
economic, political
and social, religious
motives
Muslims controlled
Palestine and
threatened
Constatinople
Pope wanted to
reclaim Palestine and
unite Christendom
 Split in 1054
 Kings saw crusades as
a way to get rid of
some knights
 Younger sons
participated not likely
to inherit from parents
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Merchants
prospered by
loaning money for
the Crusades
Leased ships to
transport armies
Pisa, Genoa, and
Venice wanted to
control trade routes
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Pope Urban’s call
brought religious
support
Those who died in
the Crusade were
assured to go to
heaven
Red Cross on tunic
“God wills it”
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1097 3 armies outside
Constantinople
Ill prepared for war
Knew little of
geography, climate,
or culture
No strategy to
capture Jerusalem
Captured the city
July 15, 1079
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4 feudal estates
carved from 650 miles
of land
Each ruled by a noble
1144 Edessa was
captured by the Turks
Second Crusade
organized to
recapture the city
(fails)
1187 Jerusalem falls to
Saladin
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To recapture
Jerusalem
› Three most powerful
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monarchs
Philip II of France
Frederick I German
Emperor
Richard the Lion
Hearted English King
Phillip argued and
went home
Frederick drowned
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Richard led the
Crusade
Fought many battles
with Saladin
1192 made a truce
Jerusalem in Muslim
hands, but would
allow pilgrimages
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1204 4th Crusade fails
to capture
Jerusalem
Knights loot
Constantinople
1200’s 4 more
Crusades, all
unsuccessful
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1212-thousands of
children set out to
conquer Jerusalem
Led by Stephen of
Cloyes
No weapons
Died of cold and
starvation
Some sold into
slavery
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Germany Nicholas of
Cologne marched
with 20,000 children
Marched to Rome
Most died
Met with Pope told
to go home till older
2000 made it back
to Germany
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Muslims (Moors)
controlled most of
Spain
Reconquista-effort
by Spanish to drive
out the Muslims
1492 Granada fell to
the Christian Army of
Ferdinand and
Isabella
Inquisition- court held
by the church to
suppress heresy
 Heretics were people
who belief’s differed
from the church
 Many Jews and
Muslims converted in
the 1400’s
 Inquisition suspected
Jews and Muslims as
heretics
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Suspects questioned
for weeks
Some tortured
Once they
confessed they were
burned at the stake
1492 all practicing
Jews and Muslims
were expelled
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Showed the power
of the Church
European merchants
expanded trade
between Europe
and Southwest Asia
Spices, fruits, cloths
Failure of Crusades
lessened the power
of the Pope
Weakened feudal
nobility
 Increased power of
the kings
 Fall of Constantinople
Byzantine Empire
 Intolerance and
prejudice by Christians
left legacy of
bitterness and hatred
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Relationships
between Christians,
Jews and Muslims
leadership worsened
Jews in Europe face
increased
persecution
Led to growth in
trade, towns and
universities in
Medieval Europe