Transcript From 1189-1192 – Richard I of England, Philip II of France, and

The Crusades
 Christians
during the Middle Ages regarded
Palestine as the Holy Land.
 Due to the pleadings of the Byzantine Empire
and tales of persecutions of Christians by the
Seljuk Turks Pope Urban II called for a
meeting at Clermont France in 1095.
 Urban pleaded for Knights to stop feuding
amongst themselves and fight the infidel and
reclaim the Holy Land.
 The Knights and followers who went to take
back the Holy and became known as
Crusaders, or marked with the cross.
The Crusades
 Reasons
for Europeans for going on the
Crusades – Those who died on a Crusade were
said to go straight to heaven.
 The Church guaranteed protection of family
and property while the Crusaders were gone.
 Debtors had their debts canceled.
 Criminals had their punishments relieved.
 Riches and rumored wealth and the sense of
adventure and making a name for oneself.
 The First Crusade lasted from 1096 - 1099
 French
The First and 2nd Crusade
and Norman nobles led the first
Crusade, which turns out to be only successful
one.
 The Byzantine emperor worried about the
Christian armies, but finally allowed them to
pass through. ( he had reason to worry).
 The Crusaders captured Antioch, Jersusalem,
Edessa and Tripoli.
 The 2nd Crusade began in 1147 after the Seljuk
Turks captured Edessa.
 The Crusade was led by Conrad III, H.R.E.,
and Louis VII. Failed after 2 years.
The The 3rd and 4th Crusades
In 1187 Saladin the Seljuk ruler recaptured the
city of Jerusalem. Europe responded with the
Crusade of the Three Kings. ( really one King)
 From 1189-1192 – Richard I of England, Philip II
of France, and Frederick Barbarossa, H.R.E.
 The 3rd Crusade was a disaster – Frederick
Barbarossa drowns, Philip II sneaks back to
France to reclaim French lands from England,
and Richard slaughters everybody and is
captured by the H.R.E. and held for ransom.
 The 4th Crusade lands in Zara, a rival of Venice
and captures a Christian city ( doh!!!) The army
was excommunicated by the Pope .

Later Crusades
 Later
in 1204 the Crusaders sacked the city of
Constantinople, which never really recovers
and is eventually captured by the Ottoman
Turks in 1453.
 The Children’s Crusade was a disaster, a few
actually reached the Holy Land, but the
majority disappeared or were sold into slavery.
 There were several other Crusades but none of
them accomplished anything , the last major
Crusade being led by Louis IX or St. Louis of
France. ( 1270)
 He died in Tunisia that same year.
Effects of the Crusades
The failure of Crusades weakened the Pope and the
authority of the Catholic Church. The Crusades also
weakened European nobility when 1000s died.
 The Crusades played an important role in
stimulating trade between Europe and Southwest
Asia.
 In the Middle East the prejudice, murder and
mayhem the Christians brought to the Islamic world,
left a legacy of hatred.
 For Christians that remained in the Holy Land the
religious tolerance that was present before was gone
 Trade and ideas were stimulated, teachings of the
Islamic scholars, Library at Alexandria, etc.
