Transcript - SCT Web Site - Eastern Mediterranean University

Technologies and Media for
Distance Education
ITEC 106
EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Education
Department of Computer Education and Instructional
Technology Teacher Education
A Model of Communication
Communication occurs when two or more
individuals wish to share ideas.
Communication in a distance education
environment happens when learners
interact with one another and with
instructor.
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A Model of Communication...
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A Model of Communication...
 Needs?
 Sender
 Encoding/Decoding
 Channel
 Receiver
 Noise
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Technologies and Media
 Print medium
 Audio-and Videocassettes
 Radio and Television
 Teleconferencing
- Audioconferencing
- Videoconferencing
- Computer Conferencing
 Computer-Based Instruction
 Web-Based Conferencing
 Web-Based Instruction
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Print medium
 Print is the most common medium used in distance
education.
 Forms of print are:
- textbooks,
- manuals,
- course notes, and study guides.
 Easy to:
- Press
- Distribute
- Reproduce
- Easy to use (know how to use)
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Print medium...
Most important print medium are study
guides:
- Creates context...
Print materials are relatively inexpensive
to develop or distribute (Moore, p78).
Print is used in some form by almost all
distance education courses, regardless of
what other media they employ.
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Audio-and Videocassettes
Audio and videocassettes materials is
generally expensive and involves specialized
skills (recording, editing, directing).
Popular at 70s and 80s.
- In 90s CD/DVD
Problem: Creativeness and Professional
experience.
- Need money and time..
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Audio-and Videocassettes...
Some distance learning provide what's
called "video-based instruction".
In such program, video tapes are the main
medium of delivery of information to the
learner.
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Radio and Television
Radio and television broadcasting has been
used for educational purposes for many
years (Moore, 85).
There are different types of broadcast:
public, cable, and satellite.
Some of the advantages of radio and
television broadcasting is that they Audioand videotapes have come to play an
increasingly important role as media for
distance education.
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Radio and Television...
 These technologies are convenient and costeffective.
 Most people have VCRs in their homes, and
videotapes are easy and inexpensive to distribute.
 These media can be used to present the views of
experts, which would increase the credibility of
and interest in the materials.
 Materials that cannot be communicated by print
could be communicated this way.
 Video is a powerful medium in terms of capturing
attention, and conveying a lot of information
quickly.
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Radio and Television...
 Producing audio-or videotape helps keeping
students in track, and get people in the community
involved, and may recruit new learners to the
institute.
 Broadcast may be provided to learners through
cable television network or satellite broadcast.
 Those channels can provide good quality broadcast
and dedicated channels for educational purposes.
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Teleconferencing
 Moore and Kearsley define teleconferencing in terms
of describing "the interaction of students and
instructors via some form of telecommunications
technology. There are four different types of
teleconferencing: audio,
- audio graphics, video, and computer."
 For teleconferencing;
- Need telephone lines
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Teleconferencing vs.Audioconferencing
 Audio conferencing is most common and least
expensive form of teleconferencing.
 Audio graphic teleconferencing systems involve the
use of computer or facsimile technology to transmit
visuals to support the audio.
 Some computer systems allow the transmission of
graphics, programs, and data, where each site sees
anything on the instructor computer screen, besides
hearing the audio.
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Teleconferencing...
 Audio graphic systems are good for classes that
involve a lot of illustration, such as equations, or
computer applications.
 Videoconferencing can be transmitted via satellite,
cable, or standard telephone lines.
 It requires compressing the videos and several
equipment.
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Videoconferencing
Video conferencing allows learners and
instructors to interact face-to-face.
The site below is a site for a class that is
being taught by videoconferencing.
The site answers questions about
videoconferencing technology, why, when,
and how to use it.
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Computer Conferencing
 Computer Conferencing allows students and instructors
to interact via a computer network.
 This interaction can be through e-mail messages, file
transfer, chat rooms, real audio and video, and others.
 With the fast progress in computer technology,
computer conferencing is taking its place in educational
technology.
 Computer conferencing provides good quality, easy to
use, and cost-efficient way of interaction.
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Computer-Based Instruction
 According to Moore, Computer-Based Instruction
(CBI) refers to instructional programs that the
student uses alone on a personal computer.
 The program is usually provided on CD-ROM, in
multimedia format (graphics, text, sound, and
video).
 Even though CD-ROM-based instruction provides
effective presentations and cost-effective
medium, it is not commonly used in distance
education programs, since it does not provide
dynamic content and needed interaction between
the learner and the instructor.
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Computer-Based Instruction...
 The site below has a slide show about using
computer technology in distance education.
 It divides computer-based instruction into
Multimedia-based (like CD-ROM) and Internetbased (like email and WWW).
 http://www.cs.uwyo.edu/~rex/virtualu/sld003.htm
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One-way and Two-way asynchronous
communication
One-way communication includes broadcast,
videotapes, and multimedia.
Two-way communication includes
teleconferencing, satellite broadcast, and
Cable television.
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Web-Based Conferencing
 While many on-line resources mention this medium,
Moore and Kearsley does not.
 An example of web-based conferencing is CUSeeMe, the best-known web-based conferencing
tool.
 It is a new tool that replaces long-distance phone
calls over the web and escapes long distance
charges.
 The educational applications for this technology
seems limited, and with the bandwidth limitations
of the World Wide Web it is not a promising
technology.
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Web-Based Instruction
With the fast growth of the Internet, and
the fast progress of communication, the
world wide web is a new promising medium
for distance learning.
With the enormous number of resources
available online, and the increasing number
of people who have access to the Internet,
web-based instruction is considered one of
the fastest media for teaching and
learning.
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Web-Based Instruction...
Learning Management Systems:
*Some of them
-Blackboard
-WebCT
-Moodle
-Atutor
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Media Selection Issues
 There is a large number of technologies
available for the delivery of distance education
course.
 Selecting the medium is an important part of
the efficiency of that course.
 Each medium has its own strengths and
weaknesses, and these should be matched to
the nature of the learning setting.
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Media Selection Issues...
The medium selection process should be
undertaken for each course and each
program, since they all have different
requirements depending on the
objectives, learners, and learning
environment.
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Thank you for attention
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