Transcript The Cold War and Decolonization, 1945-1975

Chapter Essential Questions
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What were the major threats to world peace during
the Cold War?
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How were the experiences of Asia, Africa, & Latin
America similar in this period?
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How did the rivalry between the Cold War
superpowers affect the rest of the world?
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The United Nations
• Everyone invited
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Capitalism vs. Communism
• World Bank
• Marshall Plan
• EEC
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West vs. East in Europe & Korea
• NATO vs. Warsaw Pact
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United States’ Defeat in Vietnam
• “Unwinnable” war
• Containment
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The Race for Nuclear Supremacy
• Cuban Missile Crisis & Turkey
Decolonization & State Building
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New Nations in South & Southeast Asia
• Partition of British India
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The Struggle for Independence in Africa
• Most were negotiated, however some violent
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The Quest for Economic Freedom in Latin America
• Banana Republic (for real)
• Cuba
Beyond a Bipolar World
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The Third World
• Nonaligned nations
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Japan & China
• Great Leap Forward
• 100 Flower Movement
• Cultural Revolution
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The Middle East
• OPEC
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Emergence of Environmental Concerns
• Hippies?
Conclusion
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Cold War Tactics of the United States & Soviet Union
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Both countries attempted to influence new governments formerly
occupied by Axis powers. Both tried to establish military alliances
against the other
Each side saw their conflict coming from irreconcilable
differences in social & economic systems. Each also emphasized
the corruption, injustice, & unfairness of the other
Real combat between the United States & the Soviet Union did not
materialize, but it was played out in distant civil wars & regional
conflicts, with support provided by the superpowers
Cold War Era Nationalism
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Nationalism played a major role after WWII in the desire of colonized peoples to
gain independence, obscuring the contest between the main opponents of the
Cold War
Some long-time colonial peoples such as India gained their independence, while
similar sentiments in China led to the overthrow of an elite government seen as
weak in relations with western powers
Many of the independence movements in Africa, the Middle East, & the
Caribbean operated as traditional struggles for sovereignty. In Latin America,
where nations had already achieved independence, the desire was for economic
independence & an end to foreign intervention
Independence movements in Korea & Vietnam arose at the end of Japanese
control. The Soviet Union & Communist China supported communist forces in
those regions, while the United States committed large military forces to protect
anti-communist forces