Transcript Isolation thru Intervention 2015

th
20
Century U.S.
Foreign Policy
Imperialism
Isolationism
Interventionism
Imperialism
• The policy of
extending a
nation's authority
by territorial
acquisition or by
the establishment
of economic and
political hegemony
over other nations.
Imperialism (cont.)
• Spanish American War
• The Boxer Rebellion
• The Panama Canal
• U.S. Intervention in Latin America
Spanish American War
• Remember the Maine
– The battleship Maine was struck in the Gulf of
Mexico near Cuba by Spanish ships.
• Yellow Journalism
– William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal
published pictures that showed the Spanish
Armada blowing up the Maine.
The Boxer Rebellion
• Sphere’s of Influence
• Open Door Policy
• Fists of Righteous Harmony
– Members of this group later became known as
boxers, people that believed in Chinese
isolationism and supporting the Ch'ing
Dynasty.
The Panama Canal
• President Roosevelt
– Stepped into office after
McKinley’s death at 42.
• Joining the Waters
– Connected the Pacific
with the Atlantic Ocean
U.S. Intervention in Latin
America
• Monroe Doctrine
– America was considered the protector of the
weak Latin American countries.
• Roosevelt Corollary
– An addition to the Monroe Doctrine.
Isolationism
• A national policy of
abstaining from
political or
economic relations
with other
countries.
Isolationism
Return to Normalcy
• The United States
between the years
of the first World
War and the Great
Depression.
– Americans wanted
to go back to the
old ways of life
before big business.
Causes of Isolationism
• Great War (World War I)
– Americans were afraid to get involved with
European affairs.
• League of Nations
– America was against signing an alliance that
could possibly bring them into another
European war.
World War I
• When America
joined the Great
War in 1917, it tilted
the balance against
the Central Powers
(Germany and her
allies), because of
her large population
and industrial might.
League of Nations
• President Wilson’s Fourteen Points
– Influenced the League of Nations by
establishing an international alliance group.
• Americans wanted to enjoy the prosperity
they were experiencing now and didn’t
want to take another chance at going to
war.
Roaring 20’s
• Considered to be America’s golden age by
many scholars.
– Baby boom (mini)
– Mechanization led to lower prices of goods
and services.
– Wages were improved during World War I on
the home front and continued in this era.
The Great Depression
• Stock Market Crash
• Bank Failure
• High Unemployment Rate
Interventionism: Pre- and Post
Cold War
•The policy of intervening
in the affairs of another
sovereign state.
•Some people get
interventionism and
imperialism confused. The
main difference is with
imperialism you are hoping
to expand your empire, but
in interventionism you are
expanding your ideas.
Old Interventionism
• The time between World
War II and the fall of the
U.S.S.R.
– Korean War
– Vietnam War
– Détente
– Fall of the Soviet Union
Korean War
• Northern Korea vs.
Southern Korea
– North backed by China
• Communist rule
– South backed by
United States
• Democracy
War of Vietnam
• North vs. South
•
– Southern Vietnam was backed by Democratic United
States
– Northern Vietnam was backed by Communist U.S.S.R.
– The Vietnam War was never really a war but instead a
conflict. Without Congress’s approval the president is
incapable of declaring war against another nation.
Blank Check
– Never issued an official declaration of war
– President was given an unlimited amount of money to
spend on the war efforts.
Detente
• An agreement
between The
Soviet Union, The
United States, and
China.
– United States
wanted to end
negotiations
between the
Communist states
of U.S.S.R. and
China.
Communist Concerns
• The United States was worried about a
coalition force between the Soviets and
Chinese. America knew that the Chinese
Army could outnumber ours 4:1 and were
afraid that with Soviet technology we
would be defeated.
Fall of the Soviet Union
• Star Wars
– The United States set aside funding for an
international ICBM defense system.
– Economically the Communist Soviet Union
couldn’t keep up with their opposing super
power.
New Interventionism
• Marked by the chain of events of the
United States after the fall of the Soviet
Union.
– Persian Gulf War
– Iraq
– War on Terrorism
Persian Gulf War (1991)
• Iraq invades the small sea bearing nation
of Kuwait.
– Sadam Hussein wanted to have an oceanic
boarder for Iraq.
– The war was quick and decisive.
• Mostly aerial and ground tactics were used
Iraq
• A small country in
the Middle East
that relies on the
trade of oil and is
responsible for
much controversy
in the region.
War on Terrorism
• Since 9-11 of 2001 the United
States has entered an
international campaign against
terrorist groups.
– Al Qaeda- a terrorist group in Iraq
under the influence of the
terrorist leader Osama Bin Laden.
War on Terrorism
• Osama Bin Laden was found hiding in plain
site in Afghanistan in 2011. A secret raid by a
U.S. Seal Team (6) killed him and then
dumped his body in the ocean.
• This did not end the war on terror, some say
it heightened it.
• Obama is pulling out of Afghanistan in 2014,
ending the war on terror or opening America
up to more attacks? Time will tell.
Works Cited
“Iraq.” Online. Available:
http://education.yahoo.com/reference/factbook/iz/index.ht
ml. June 1, 2005.
“The Age of Imperialism.” Online. Available:
http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/toc.html. May 27,
2005.
“American Isolationism.” Online. Available:
http://www.schoolshistory.org.uk/america/isolationism.htm.
May 29, 2005.