Transcript Chapter 20 Sections 2 and 3

Chapter 20 Sections 2 and 3
Development of the Cold War
The Cuban Question
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In 1959, President Kennedy
approved the Bay of Pigs and
revolt against the Sovietsupported Cuban dictator,
Fidel Castro.
The invasion failed.
In 1962 Khrushchev began to
place nuclear missiles in Cuba
to counteract U.S. nuclear
weapons placed in Turkey,
close to the Soviet Union.
In October 1962, Soviet ships
carrying nuclear missiles were
headed to Cuba.
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So he ordered a blockade of
Cuba
Khrushchev agreed to send the
ships back and remove nuclear
missiles in Cuba if Kennedy
agreed not to invade Cuba.
Vietnam and the Dominos
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The Vietnam War had an
important impact on the
Cold War.
Its purpose was to keep
the Communist
government of North
Vietnam from gaining
control of South Vietnam.
U.S. policy makers
applied the domino
theory to the Vietnam
War.

http://blog.creativethink.c
om/2009/05/best-fallingdomino-video-of2009.html
Soviet Leaders
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Stalin
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Nikita Khrushchev
Reign of Stalin
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By 1950,Heavy
industry, the
manufacture of machines
and equipment for
factories
and mines, increased.
In 1946, the Soviet
government said that all
literary and scientific
work must conform to the
political needs of the
state.
Nikita Khrushchev
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de-Stalinization,
or the process of
eliminating some of
Stalin’s ruthless policies,
was put in place
allowed the publication of
a work by Alexander
Solzhenitsyn that
depicted life in a Siberian
forced-labor camp.
Eastern Europe: Behind the Iron
Curtain
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Albania, the Communist
government grew
increasingly independent
of the Soviet Union.
, Yugoslavia, led by
Josip Broz, or Tito, was
an independent
Communist state until
Tito’s death in 1980.
Revolts Vs. Soviets
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In 1956, after calls for
revolt from Soviet control,
Hungarian leader Imre
Nagy declared Hungary a
free nation.
Three days later, Soviet
troops attacked Budapest
and reestablished control
of the country.
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In January 1968,
Alexander Dubček was
elected first secretary of
the Communist party in
Czechoslovakia.
By August 1968, the
Soviet Army invaded
Czechoslovakia, crushed
the reform movement,
and reestablished Soviet
control.
Called the Prague Spring
Problems in Western Europe and
North America
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France:
For almost 25 years after
World War II, France
was mostly led by
Charles de Gaulle.
France became a major
industrial producer and
exporter.
Government deficits and
a rise in the cost of living
led to unrest.
West Germany
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From 1949 to 1963,
Konrad Adenauer, leader
of the Christian
Democratic Union,
served as chancellor of
West Germany.
Under Adenauer’s
leadership and that
of the minister of finance,
Ludwig Erhard, West
Germany’s economy was
revived.
Great Britain
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The Labour Party, which
promised far-reaching
reforms, defeated
Churchill’s Conservative
Party.
Prime Minister Clement
Attlee welfare state–a
state in which the
government takes
responsibility for
providing citizens with
services and a minimal
standard of living.
European Unity
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In 1957, France, West
Germany, the Benelux
countries, and Italy
created the European
Economic Community
(EEC), also known as the
Common Market.
The six member nations
would impose no tariffs
on each other’s goods.
U.S. in the 1950s
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Between 1945 and 1973
real wages–the actual
purchasing power of
income–grew an average
of 3 percent a year.
The Cold War led to
widespread fear
Senator Joseph R.
McCarthy
created a massive “Red
Scare.”
U.S. in the 1960s: Presidential
Changes
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President John F. Kennedy,
the youngest elected president
of the United States, was
assassinated in 1963.
Vice President Lyndon Johnson
became president and was
elected in a landslide victory to
another term in 1964.
President Johnson’s Great
Society programs included
health care for
the elderly, measures to fight
poverty,
and aid to education.
Civil Rights in the U.S.
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The U.S. civil rights movement
began in 1954 with the
Supreme Court ruling that
made racial segregation in
public schools illegal. Brown V.
Board of Ed. Of Kansas
In 1963 the Reverend Martin
Luther King, Jr., a leader of
the civil rights movement, led
a march on Washington, D.C.,
for equality.
He advocated the use of
passive disobedience in
gaining racial equality.
President Johnson’s responses to
Dr. King
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In 1964 the Civil Rights
Act helped end
segregation and
discrimination in the
workplace and in public
places.
The Voting Rights Act of
1965 made it easier for
African Americans to vote
in southern states.
Racial Tension in the U.S.
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In 1965, race riots began
in the Watts district of
Los Angeles.
In 1968, after the
assassination of Martin
Luther King, Jr., race riots
broke out in over a
hundred cities in the
United States.
The race riots caused a
“white backlash,” and
racial division in the
United States continued.
Emergence of the New Society
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A consumer society
developed as real wages
increased.
Buying on credit became
widespread
in the 1950s.
Birthrates rose, creating a
“baby boom”
in the late 1940s and the
1950s.

http://www.cbsnews.com
/video/watch/?id=458786
0n
The New Woman
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Many women worked and
raised families at the
same time.
By the late 1960s, women
renewed
their interest in the
women’s liberation
movement.
The Second Sex by
Simone de Beauvoir
influenced both the
American and European
women’s movements.
Civil Rights Videos
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http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/eyesonth
eprize/resources/res_video.html