Transcript Chapter 10 - Humble ISD

Chapter 10
The Jefferson Era
1800-1816
I can describe the election of 1800 and
explain the role of political parties
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1.) The British surrender at the
Battle of Saratoga in 1777 is
considered a turning point in the
Revolutionary War because it
resulted
in —
A the reopening of the port of
Boston
B Benedict Arnold committing
treason
C France becoming an ally of the
United States
D the Continental Congress
fleeing Philadelphia
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2.) The Bill of Rights includes —
A the right to own slaves
B women’s suffrage
C freedom of the press
D the right to vote by secret ballot
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3.) The Puritans came to live in
the Americas for the purpose of —
A establishing new religious
communities
B creating economic opportunities
for England
C preventing Spain from
establishing its own colonies
D growing new types of crops in
the fertile soil
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Page Numbers for the People
Pages Ch. 10
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1.) 298
2.) 316-317
3.) 314
4.) 316
5.) 312
6.) 297-298
7.) 300
8.) 304
9.) 303
10.) 315
11.) 306
12.) 310
13.) 312
14.) 297-298
15.) 303
16.) 312
17.) 306
I can label key dates of chapter 10
on a timeline.
• 22 Thomas Paine wrote
Common Sense to —
• F explain why the American
colonies should form an
alliance with Spain
• G increase public support for
American independence
• H criticize the military
strategies of General George
Washington
• J criticize King George III for
his support of the French and
Indian War
• 26 What geographic feature
was established as a boundary
for western settlement by the
Proclamation of 1763?
• F Hudson River
• G Appalachian Mountains
• H Rocky Mountains
• J Great Lakes
Chapter 10 Chronology (Due
Wednesday Tomorrow)
• Page Numbers: Remember to rewrite on a different
sheet of paper the dates in order. If they have a month
write them down because that will determine their order.
• 1.) 314
11.) 311
• 2.) 315 Map
12.) 304
• 3.) 298
13.) 306
• 4.) 313
14.) 315
• 5.) 312
15.) 302
• 6.) 312
16.) 316
• 7.) 315,316
17.) 310
• 8.) 303
18.) 317
• 9.) 315
19.) 303
• 10.) 297
20.) 314
I can label key dates of chapter 10 on a timeline.
1.)
• In the election of
1800, there were two
political parties.
• The Federalists
supported John
Adams (incumbent)
and the DemocraticRepublicans
supported Thomas
Jefferson.
I can describe the election of 1800
and explain the role of political parties
2.)
• The DemocraticRepublicans believed the
Federalist had violated
the Constitution with the
Alien and Sedition Acts
while the Federalists
believed the nation would
be ruined by the
Democratic-Republicans
whom they considered
Radicals.
I can describe the election of 1800
and explain the role of political parties
I can describe the election of 1800
and explain the role of political parties
3.)
• The DemocraticRepublicans won the
Presidency.
• However, the
Electoral College
resulted in a tie
between Thomas
Jefferson the
Presidential nominee
and Aaron Burr the
Vice Presidential
nominee.
4.)
• According to the
Constitution the
House of
Representatives had
to choose between
Burr and Jefferson.
• Because the
Federalist controlled
the House, their vote
would decide the
winner. I can describe the election of 1800
and explain the role of political parties
5.)
• The Federalist were
divide however after 7
days of voting and 36
votes taken, Jefferson
was elected President
and Burr became
Vice-President.
I can describe the election of 1800
and explain the role of political parties
6.)
• Our nation has had over
40 Presidents but none
has matched the
achievements of
Jefferson.
• He was a lawyer and
advised architects and
designers of Washington,
D.C., he was a skilled
violinist, horseman,
amateur scientists, and
devoted reader.
I can describe the election of 1800
and explain the role of political parties
7.)
• After Jefferson took
office, the first thing
he needed to do was
calm the nation’s
political quarrels.
• To do this he
promoted a common
way of life.
I can describe the election of 1800
and explain the role of political parties
8.)
• Jefferson thought the
best thing for the
nation was to remain
a country of small
independent farmers.
• He hoped the
enormous amount of
available land would
keep Americans from
crowding into cities.
I can describe the election of 1800
and explain the role of political parties
• Jefferson believed that
the government should
have less power under
the Federalists.
• He undid many of their
policies, such as: letting
the Alien and Sedition
Acts expire; releasing
prisoners convicted under
them; ending the Whiskey
Tax.
• Since this meant a loss in
revenue, he reduced the
number of federal
employees and the size
of the military.
I can describe the election of 1800
and explain the role of political parties
9.)
I can describe the election of 1800
and explain the role of political parties
10.)
• Jefferson had little power
over the courts because
of the Judiciary Act of
1801 which allowed
President John Adams to
appoint as many judges
as he could between the
Election of 1800 and
when Jefferson took
office.
• Since these judges would
serve for life there was
little Jefferson could do.
11.)
• One of the most
powerful
appointments Adams
made was that of
Chief Justice John
Marshall who served
for over 3 decades.
I can describe the election of 1800
and explain the role of political parties
12.)
• One of the most
important decisions at the
end of Madison’s term
was Marbury vs. Madison
1803.
• William Marbury was a
last minute appointment
to the court in the District
of Columbia.
• He was installed by
James Madison,
Secretary of State
I can describe the election of 1800
and explain the role of political parties
13.)
• When Madison
refused to give
Marbury the job, he
sued.
• The Supreme Court
ruled that the law
Marbury used was
unconstitutional.
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I can describe the election of 1800
and explain the role of political parties
14.)
• In the case, the
Supreme Court
established the
principle of judicial
review which states
that the Supreme
Court has the final
say in interpreting the
Constitution.
I can describe the election of 1800
and explain the role of political parties
15.)
• Judicial Review has
helped to create a
lasting balance
between the three
branches.
I can describe the election of 1800
and explain the role of political parties
Chapter 10 Section 2
I can describe the purpose
of the Lewis and Clark
Expedition?
A.) The West in 1800
• “West”=the area
between the
Appalachian Mountains
and the Mississippi
River.
B.) Napoleon and New Orleans
Which leader sold land for money to pay for his
wars?
• To solve the problem of
Americans wanting to go
to war with Spain and
France Jefferson offered
to buy New Orleans from
France.
• Napoleon’s response
was to offer an even
bigger piece of land
called the Louisiana
Territory.
C.) The Louisiana Purchase
What problem troubled Jefferson
about the purchase of Louisiana?
• being a strict
interpreter of the
Constitution he did
not feel comfortable
with buying the land
because the
Constitution did not
talk about President’s
being capable of
buying land.
D.) Lewis and Clark Explore
• Jefferson chose
Meriwether Lewis and
William Clark.
E.) Up the Missouri River
What were Jefferson’s instructions to Lewis and Clark on
how to deal with the Native Americans they would
encounter?
• find a water route
across the continent.
• Build good relations
with the Native
Americans.
• describe the
landscape, plants, and
animals they saw.
F.) Sacagawea
What impact did Sacagawea have on American History?
What special contribution did Sacagawea make on the
Lewis and Clark expedition?
• 17 year old Shoshone
woman.
• Lewis and Clark kept
her and her husband
with their expedition
for knowledge of the
geography and also
to help with Native
American situations.
Chapter 10 Section 3
Problems with Foreign Powers
I Can explain the important legacy of the
War of 1812.
Warm-up
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21.) _______What made New
Orleans a significant port to
people living in the Ohio Valley?
A The taxes collected in New
Orleans supported towns in the
Ohio Valley.
B New Orleans was a fortified city
that protected the Missouri River
against
invasion.
C Many of the goods needed by
the people of the Ohio Valley were
manufactured in
New Orleans.
D New Orleans was an important
trade center near the mouth of the
Mississippi
River.
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30.)_______ The Era of Good
Feelings, which followed the War
of 1812, was characterized by —
F.) increased cooperation between
the United States and Native
Americans
G.) the rise of the Federalist Party
as a major political force
H.) increased nationalism and
patriotism in the United States
J.) an increase in the number of
political parties
A.) Jefferson’s Foreign Policy
• Advised the U.S. to
seek friendships, but
not enter in
alliances.
• He was worried
about U.S.
merchants trading
all over the world.
B.) Problems with France and
England
• British were clamping
down on U.S. shipping
to France.
• British were using
impressments on the
U.S. ships (kidnapping
American Sailors to
work on British Ships).
C.) Trade as a Weapon
Which of the following is true about
the Embargo Act?
• Instead of going to
war, Jefferson wanted
Congress to pass
legislation that would
stop all foreign trade.
Embargo Act of 1807.
• Embargo Act of 1807
caused U.S. farmers
to suffer from not
being able to sell
goods overseas.
D.) James Madison Becomes
President
Which of the following is true about
James Madison
• Madison was
Jefferson’s Secretary of
State.
• He succeeded
Jefferson as President
• He was a DemocraticRepublican.
E.) Tecumseh and Native American
Unity
• British were stirring up
the Native Americans
in the Frontier.
• Tecumseh (Shawnee)
was trying to unite the
NA from Americans
taking their land.
• 1811 Shawnee were
defeated by William
Henry Harrison at the
Battle of Tippecanoe.
F.) War Hawks
• Westerners who
called for war were
known as War Hawks.
• June 18, 1812
Jackson and the War
Hawks pressed
Congress to declare
war on Britain.
Chapter 10 Section 4
The War of 1812
A.) The War Begins
Which statement describes the U.S.
Military at the start of the War of 1812?
• Britain did not want
war.
• Two main phases
to the war.
• U.S. Army was
small, badly
trained, and badly
equipped.
B.) The First Phase of the War
Why was the American naval
victory on Lake Erie so important?
• 1st 1812-1814-Britain
was concentrating on
their war with France.
• Oliver Hazard Perry
won a key battle on
Lake Erie giving the
U.S. control of the
Lake.
C.) The Second Phase of the War
Who saved important items before the British
burned the White House?
Who composed the “Star-Spangled Banner?’
• 2nd-Britain wins their war
w/France in 1814 and now
concentrate on the
Americans.
• British forces burn the
Capitol building Dolly
Madison had saved
important items.
• Francis Scott Key wrote
the famous anthem as he
watched the flag fly over
Fort McHenry.
C.) Continued
• Battle of New Orleans
was a key victory for
Andrew Jackson but
the slow mail system
showed that this battle
did not have to take
place.
• Treaty of Ghent ended
the war on December
24, 1814.
D.) The Legacy of the War
What were the results of the War of 1812?
Which of the following was an important
legacy of the War of 1812?
• Results of the war were
that it increased
American Patriotism,
weakened Native
American resistance,
and increased U.S.
manufacturing.
• The main legacy of the
war is that it
encouraged the growth
of U.S. manufacturing.
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The two parties contesting the election of 1800
were the Federalists, led by President John Adams, and
the Democratic-Republicans, represented by Thomas
Jefferson. Each party believed that the other was
endangering the Constitution and the American republic.
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The Democratic-Republicans thought they were
saving the nation from monarchy and oppression. They
argued, again and again, that the Alien and Sedition Acts
supported by the Federalists violated the Bill of Rights.
(See pages 290–291.) The Federalists thought that the
nation was about to be ruined by radicals—people who
take extreme political positions. They remembered the
violence of the French Revolution, in which radicals
executed thousands in the name of liberty.
• When election day came, the Democratic-Republicans
won the presidency. Jefferson received 73 votes in the
electoral college, and Adams earned 65. But there was a
problem. Aaron Burr, whom the Democratic-Republicans
wanted as vice president, also received 73 votes.
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In over 200 years, the United States has had more
than 40 presidents. Many of them were great leaders.
But no president has ever matched Thomas Jefferson in
the variety of his achievements.
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Jefferson’s talents went beyond politics. He was still a
young lawyer when he became interested in the
architecture of classical Greece and Rome. The look of
our nation’s capital today reflects that interest. When
Washington, D.C., was being built during the 1790s,
Jefferson advised its architects and designers.
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Jefferson’s passion for classical styles can also be
seen in his plan of Monticello, his Virginia home. For this
elegant mansion, Jefferson designed storm windows, a
seven-day clock, and a dumbwaiter—a small elevator
that brought bottles of wine from the cellar.
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Jefferson was a skilled violinist, horseman, amateur
scientist, and a devoted reader, too. His book collection
later became the core of the Library of Congress. After
his election, Jefferson applied his many talents and
ideas to the government of the United States.
• The new president had strong opinions about what kind
of country the United States ought to be. But his first
order of business was to calm the nation’s political
quarrels.
• A VOICE FROM THE PAST
• Let us, then, fellow-citizens, unite with one heart and one
mind. . . . Every difference of opinion is not a difference
of principle. . . . We are all Republicans, we are all
Federalists.
• Thomas Jefferson, First Inaugural Address
• One way Jefferson tried to unite Americans was by
promoting a common way of life. He wanted the United
States to remain a nation of small independent farmers.
Such a nation, he believed, would uphold the strong
morals and democratic values that he associated with
country living. He hoped that the enormous amount of
available land would prevent Americans from crowding
into cities, as people had in Europe.
• As president, Jefferson behaved more like a gentleman
farmer than a privileged politician. Instead of riding in a
fancy carriage to his inauguration, Jefferson walked the
two blocks from his boarding house to the Capitol.
Though his chef served elegant meals, the president’s
guests ate at round tables so that no one could sit at the
head of the table. To the end, Jefferson refused to
elevate himself because of his office. For his tombstone,
he chose this simple epitaph: “Here was buried Thomas
Jefferson, author of the Declaration of American
Independence, of the statute of Virginia for religious
freedom, and father of the University of Virginia.”
Jefferson chose not to list his presidency. His belief in a
modest role for the central government is reflected in the
changes he made during his presidency.