Transcript “The Republicans Take Power”

“The Republicans Take Power”
1
Unpacking the Standards
After reading this section, you will be able to:
•Describe how Jefferson won the 1800 election.
•Outline the goals Jefferson set in his inaugural address.
•Explain how Jefferson reduced the role of government.
•Discuss the Marbury v. Madison decision and its impact.
1809
1801
Jefferson Becomes President
Political philosopher, “Father” of the Declaration of Independence ,
first Secretary of
State
, leader of the Republican
Party,
and 3rd President of the United States.
In 1801 Washington, D.C. (D.C. =
District of Columbia ), was
slowing rising from a swampy site on the
Potomac
River.
The Election of 1800
versus
Federalists
Republicans
Nominated: John Adams
VP: Charles Pinckney
Nominated: Thomas Jefferson
VP: Aaron Burr
•Adams received 65 electoral
votes
•Jefferson AND Burr each
received 73 electoral votes
In the event of a tie, the Constitution stipulates that the members of
this house would have to decide the election.
The House of Representatives
The House Decides the Election
PRESIDENT
Republican
Thomas Jefferson
VICE PRES.
Controlled by
Federalists
Republican
Aaron Burr
For 35 ballots, the election remained tied. Finally at
Alexander Hamilton’s urging, one Federalist
decided not to vote for Burr.
Jefferson’s Inauguration
Inauguration – to formally admit someone to office.
We are all Republicans,
we are all Federalists.
In Jefferson’s inaugural
address, he outlined
some of his goals which
included maintaining “a
wise and frugal gov’t.”
He believed that a large federal
government threatened liberty and that
the states could best protect freedom.
Jefferson believed in reducing the power
and size of the federal gov’t. These ideas
were similar to the French philosophy of
laissez-faire – “let people
do as they
choose .”
Jefferson’s Policies
Jefferson wanted to limit the scope of the federal government
Delivering the mail
Conduct foreign
affairs
Collecting duties
Conducting a
census
Jefferson’s Takes Charge
WHY?
Jefferson surrounded
himself with men who shared
his Republican principles.
He wanted people who
would support his policies
and carry them out
Men like:
Jefferson and
Gallatin aimed to
reduce the
national debt by:
Cutting the army
1. by ⅓
James Madison
Sec. of State
Albert Gallatin
Sec. of the Treasury
Reducing navy
2. from 25 to 7
ships
Midnight Judges
PASSES
The Judiciary Act of 1801
(this act increased the number
of federal judges)
Congress
President Adams
Wanted to fill as many
positions as he could with
Federalists. He supposedly
signed appointments until
midnight on his last day of
office.
Marbury v. Madison
Adams’s appointments could not take effect until the
legal papers (commissions) were delivered . . .
When Jefferson took
office, a few commission
had not been delivered
James Madison
Sec. of State
William Marbury knew that he had been issued a
commission, but it never gets delivered . . .
Marbury v. Madison
William Marbury
James Madison
Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that the
section of the Judiciary Act of 1789 that gave
the Supreme Court the power to issue writs
of mandamus exceeded the authority allotted
the Court under Article III of the Constitution,
and was therefore null and void.
Writ of Mandamus
Three Principles of Judicial Review
The Constitution is the
supreme law of the land
When a conflict arises between
the Constitution and any other
law, the Constitution must be
followed
The judicial branch has the
duty to uphold the Constitution
Review Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Who was the leader of the Federalist party?
Who was the second president of the United States?
Who was the third president of the United States?
To which party did the third president belong?
Thomas Jefferson believed that a large federal government
threatened liberty. Who did he think could best protect
freedom?
6. Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied in electoral votes in
the election of 1800. Which group decided the election?
7. Which amendment requires electors to vote for the president
and vice president on separate ballots?
8. Define: laissez-faire
9. How did Jefferson and his Secretary of the Treasury, Albert
Gallatin, reduce the national debt that the Federalist had left?
10.Name the court case that established judicial review