Transcript american history 11.3 rise of nationalism notes

Rise of Nationalism
Chapter 12.1
Era of Good Feelings
– After War of 1812 a period of relative peace
settled on America
– Two border disputes were settled w/o war
• Canada
– Rush-Bagot Agreement
» Limited Naval power on the Great Lakes
» The Convention of 1818 established fishing rights off
the Atlantic Coast and established the 49th parallel as
the boundary to the Rocky Mountains
• Spain
– Americans wanted to move into Florida (Spain no longer
had troops there and Seminole Indians often helped
runaway slaves
– During negotiations over settlement, Andrew Jackson
led troops over border and into Florida
– After protests, Spain decided to give Florida to the
U.S. in exchange for the U.S. giving up claims to
Texas and agreeing to pay $ 5 million ($5,000,000)
towards claims by U.S. citizens against Spain –
Adams-Onis Treaty
Monroe Doctrine
• By 1822, only Bolivia remained as a Spanish
colony in Latin America. All the others had
declared independence. In the Caribbean,
however, several islands remained under Spanish
control, most notably Cuba and Puerto Rico. (a
revolutionary fighter named Simon Bolivar helped
in many of these fights for independence)
• Fearing that European countries might try to retake
these countries both Britain and the U.S. agreed
that limiting European influence in the Western
Hemisphere would be good
The Monroe Doctrine stated:
• The Western Hemisphere was no longer open for
colonization
• The political system of the Americas was different
from Europe
• The United States would regard any interference in
Western hemispheric affairs as a threat to its
security
• The United States would refrain from participation
in European wars and would not disturb existing
colonies in the Western Hemisphere
Missouri Compromise
– As Americans moved westward, regional
conflicts soon arose over:
• Whether the new territories/states would allow
slavery or be free
• 1819 – 22 states were in the Union
– 11 Free (IN, IL, OH, PA, NJ, NY, MA, CT, RI, VT, NH)
» More representatives in Congress due to pop.
– 11 Slave (DE, VA, NC, SC, GA, AL, MS, LA, TN, KY, MD)
• In the continuing fight over slavery (and it will get
worse) is how to admit Missouri
– The House controlled North would admit it only if further
importation of slaves was prohibited
– The Senate rejected this measure
– Henry Clay proposed this compromise
• Admit Missouri as a slave state if Maine was
admitted as a free state. It also prohibited slavery
above the 36°30°
– This avoided the issue of slavery for now, but
many saw that it would be a huge issue in the
future
• Henry Clay would be involved in politics for
another 30 yrs or so
– A believer in the American System
» Using proceeds from a protective tariff, the nation
would make internal improvements to help
transportation and unite the regions of the U.S.
together
• Election of 1824
– 2nd election to go to the house of representatives
» The other was Jefferson’s!
– A. Jackson, J. Q. Adams, H. Clay, H. Crawford ran
» None had enough electoral votes; Clay not in top
three
» Clay put support behind J.Q. Adams (and electors)
» J.Q. Adams won, but controversy broke out because
H. Clay became Secretary of State
Jacksonian Democracy
• Election of 1828
– Jackson’s supporters
mainly farmers and
slaveholders – many
thought election of
1824 was “stolen” from
him
• Start of the Democratic
party
• Jackson seen as a
“common person”
– Jackson’s election was dirty
• Accused of adultery
• Ordering the executions of militia members in the
War of 1812
• Duels
– He aligned himself with Martin Van Buren of NY to appeal to
northern workers
– After the election he rewarded supporters with government jobs
–spoils system
• Nullification issue
– Jackson and his vicepresident John Calhoun soon
differed on many policies,
among them was the issue of
protective tariffs
• South against this as they
depended upon imports due to
little industry
• Southern states (led by
Calhoun) claimed to have the
right to nullify federal laws they
didn’t agree with