Transcript PPT - Antebellum Overview - West Morris Central High School

EARLY ANTEBELLUM PERIOD

Jefferson's “Revolution of 1800” ushered in an
era of dominance by the DemocraticRepublicans. During the presidencies of
Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe, the United
States gained significant western lands with the
Louisiana Purchase, experienced great
nationalism during the War of 1812, and made a
significant foreign policy initiative with the
Monroe Doctrine. Despite the surge in
nationalism, American also experienced
growing sectionalism as western expansion and
slavery made evident differences between the
North and South. The end of this era is marked
by a major shift in American politics.
JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY

The Jacksonian era was marked by increased
voting rights for common white men, social
reform highlighted by the temperance and
abolition movements, the re-emergence of the
two-party system, and controversy on a variety
of issues including states’ rights, the role of the
national bank, and the coexistence of Native
Americans in the USA. As a result of the
American System, the country became
connected through a network of roads and
canals and regional trade with southern cotton,
northern textiles, and western grains. This
birth of regional specialization and the
development of transportation systems allowed
for the growth of a national market economy in
the United States.
LATE ANTEBELLUM PERIOD

From 1840 to 1860, the United States
experienced a surge in western territorial
expansion and increasing sectional tensions
between the North and South. Manifest Destiny
led to the acquisition of Texas and Oregon and
a war with Mexico resulting in new territories
in the southwest. As western territories grew in
population and new states applied for
statehood, sectional tensions grew over issues
of regional power in the Senate, the role of the
national government and states, and the growth
of slavery. Compromises in 1820, 1833, and 1850
worked temporarily, but the emergence of
sectional parties (Republicans and Democrats)
as a result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the
election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 led key
Southern states to secede from the Union.
CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF
THE INCREASE IN
SUFFRAGE FROM 1820 TO
1840
Causes:
 Fewer
property
or tax payer
qualifications
 Westward
expansion; No
landed elite in
the west
 Shift from
republic of
“virtuous”
leaders to
democracy of
“common men”
Effects:
 White
men eligible
to vote rose from
50% to 90%
(universal white
male suffrage)
 Parties used new
techniques to get
common man votes
 Rise of Jackson,
Democrats, Whigs
 Rise in voter
participation
CAUSES & EFFECTS OF
THE NULLIFICATION
CRISIS
Causes:
 High
Effects:
tariffs in  Jackson’s Force Bill
1828 & 1832 to
asserted the nat'l
promote industry gov't over the states
 Tariff of Abom.  Clay’s compromise
Hurts the South tariff in 1833
 “States’ rights”  Precedents:
by John C
Southern threats of
Calhoun
secession & use of
 Precedents est in force by president
to preserve unity
Jefferson’s KY
Resolution &
Webster;Hayne
debate
“NATIONALISM”
& “SECTIONALISM”
TRENDS FROM JEFFERSON
TO JACKSON
(1800-1840)
Nationalism:
Sectionalism:
 LA Purchase
 Missouri Comp 1820
 “Victory” in War  Nullification Crisis
of 1812
 Tariffs
 Monroe & Era of  States Rights
Good Feelings
 King Cotton
 Monroe Doctrine,  Growth of slavery
Adams-Onis, etc  Growth in industry
 Marshall Court
& cities in North
 American System  Rise of abolitionism
 Market &
Transp.
Revolutions
 Indian Removal
& EFFECTS OF
THE BANK WAR
CAUSES
Causes:
 BUS
Effects:
& Biddle
seen as elitist
 BUS “caused”
panics in the
past
 Constitutional?
 Jackson’s rivalry
with Clay
 Clay’s desire to
renew the BUS
charter early as
part of his prez
campaign bid
 Jackson
vetoed the
re-charter & killed
BUS via pet banks
 Killed Am System
 Increased power of
presidency
 Criticisms led to
formation of Whigs
 Helped lead to the
Panic of 1837
CHANGES THAT
TOOK PLACE DURING THE
EARLY ANTEBELLUM ERA
(1800-1840)
 Westward
expansion & new U.S. borders
 Emergence of King Cotton
 Commercial overtook subsistence farming
 Urbanization, Industrialization in North
 Immigration (Irish, German, Nativism)
 Common man & growth of democracy
 Market & Transportation Revolutions
 Removal of Indians east of Miss River
 2nd Great Awakening & social reforms
 Increased power of president
 Elite, virtuous president to common man prez
 Increasing nationalism & sectionalism
 1 party (Dem-Rep) to 2 parties (Dems & Whigs)
CHARACTERISTICS OF
THE MARKET
REVOLUTION
 Regional
economic specialization:
 Northern industry, urbanization, rise of
the factory system (Lowell Mill)
 Southern cotton & expansion of slavery
 Western commercial farming
 American System: tariff, transp, BUS
 Irish, German immigration for jobs & land
 New industrial & farm technologies
 Decline of “putting out” & barter systems
 Trade, cotton = 60% of U.S. exports & world
bought 75% of cotton from USA
 Economic self-sufficiency for USA
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
ELECTION OF 1824
ELECTION OF 1828
ELECTION OF 1832
ELECTION OF 1836
ELECTION OF 1840
1824:
“corrupt bargain; 4 way race: JQ
Adams, Clay, Jackson, Crawford; Clay
named Sec of State; Adams won
1828: 1st time Democratic Party; Jackson
vs Adams, Jackson won, spoils system,
Calhoun VP
1832: Jackson vs Clay, Jackson won,
BUS was main issue
1836: Van Buren won with Jackson’s
support; Whigs ran 3 candidates
1840: 2-party system (Dems & Whigs),
Van Buren vs. Harrison, Panic of 1837
was main issue, “Tippecanoe”, 82%
voters
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
TRANSPORTATION
REVOLUTION
Types
of Transportation:
 Turnpikes, National Road
 Canals, Erie Canal (1st major link b/w
East & West; importance of NY City)
 Steamboats allowed 2-way travel
 Emergence of railroads, esp in North
Impact:
 90% decrease in transportation costs
for western farmers; increased profits
 Manufactured goods from East to
West; Farm goods from West to East
 Facilitated the market revolution