Transcript The United States takes its Place in the World The Beginning of an

Question: What is
the difference
between
colonialism and
imperialism? Give
examples of each.
Chapter 19: The United
States and the World
By the late 1800’s the United States had
emerged as a leader in agriculture and
industry.
Now that our country stretched from ocean
to ocean, many American leaders felt that
the United States should start stretching to
new lands. They looked for new resources
and materials and new markets for
American goods.
(Question: What is the name of the 19th-century idea that the U.S.
was meant to stretch “from sea to shining sea?”)
Alaska – a mistake?
Many Americans thought it was foolish for
the United States to buy Alaska from Russia
in 1867 because it was so far away and so
unknown. It was nicknamed “Seward’s
Folly” and “Seward’s Icebox.”
However, in 1896 gold was discovered in
the Klondike region and a gold rush
reminiscent of 1849 began.
(Connection to Washington State)
The verdict is . . .
Buying Alaska turned out to be very
profitable, and fresh resources of gold,
fish, lumber, coal and copper poured in.
This was also when Seattle grew from a
small lumber town to a big port city,
since prospectors stopped there to get
outfitted for the arduous trip to the
Yukon.
Asia
 In 1844 the U.S. gained
“most favored nation”
status with China,
securing rights to trade
with the country.
 The U.S. also traded
with the Philippines,
Java, India, and
Thailand (Siam).
 With Japan, the U.S.
gained trading rights in
1854.
Hawaii
The Hawaiian Islands had been inhabited
since the eighth century. By the late
1800’s many Americans lived there. In
1887 King Kalakaua tried to keep
Americans from taking over his islands,
but failed. The many Americans who
lived there forced the King to sign a new
constitution that left the Hawaiian
monarchy with no power.
Hawaii for the Hawaiians Again
Queen Liliuokalani was one
of the most renowned queens
of Hawaii. She tried in 1893
to bring back the monarchy’s
authority and give Hawaii
back to the native people, but
she failed; and HI was
annexed as a state in 1898.
Queen Liliuokalani, the last
queen of Hawaii, wrote the
famous song Aloha Oe which
means “Farewell to thee.”
The United States began to come into
conflict with other countries who were
spreading beyond their borders, too –
especially Spain.
President McKinley sent our battleship,
the Maine, to Cuba to show our country’s
support
of
their
rebellion
for
independence from Spain. The ship
exploded in Havana’s harbor and many
people blamed Spain.
On April 25, 1898, the United States declared war
on Spain.
The slogan “Remember the
Maine!” was used as a propaganda tool.
The Spanish American War
Thousands of Americans volunteered to fight in the war
against Spain. Our Army quickly grew from 30,000
soldiers to more than 274,000.
Theodore Roosevelt was one of the war volunteers and
he led a company of cowhands and college athletes who
called themselves the Rough Riders. He led a nowfamous charge up San Juan Hill.
Over Quickly, but not Quickly
enough
The war lasted less than 4 months, but
more than 5000 Americans died. The
United States was left feeling like a
stronger world power. Under the peace
treaty, the United States gained control of
Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico and the
Philippine Islands. Guam and Puerto Rico
are still under US control today.
The Philippines
 The Philippines consists of 7000 islands;
 Americans wanted to control Manila as a strategic base
for trading with Asia, but found that we “needed” all of
the island of Luzon to make this possible.
 Also, President McKinley felt that self-rule was
impossible for the Filipinos, and would result in anarchy.
 As a result, the U.S. paid $20 million to Spain to give up
rights to the Philippines. (Andrew Carnegie offered the
same amount for the independence of the Filipino
people).
The U.S. then went to war against a group of Filipino
rebels led by Emilio Aguinaldo, whose aim was
independence. The war lasted 3 years and cost
thousands of lives.
Theodore Roosevelt
Because of his part in
the war, Theodore
Roosevelt was soon
elected Vice President
of the United States.
When President
McKinley was
assassinated in 1901,
Theodore Roosevelt
became the new
President.
President Roosevelt steered the United States
more actively into world politics. He liked to
quote a favorite proverb, "Speak softly and carry
a big stick, and you will go far.”
As a show of this strategy, Roosevelt
commissioned a “world tour” of 16 U.S.
battleships from 1907-1909.
The U.S.S. Louisiana – one of the 16
battleships of the “Great White Fleet”
"In any moment of decision, the best thing
you can do is the right thing. The worst thing
you can do is nothing."
Many Americans thought that Roosevelt would
bring our country to war because of his tough
rhetoric and opinions concerning peace and
readiness for war. However, under his
leadership the U.S. avoided war, and in fact the
president was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for
his role in negotiating the end to the bitter
Russo-Japanese War in 1905 – the first
American so honored.
The Panama Canal
President Roosevelt saw the need for a
shortcut between the Atlantic and Pacific
Oceans and began the process that would
build the Panama Canal.
For years people had talked about the
possibility of such a canal and the French
had attempted one years earlier, but were
unsuccessful. Thick jungles and disease
were major problems.
Another problem arose when Columbia
refused to sell the isthmus of Panama to the
US.
Not willing to give up on the canal, President
Roosevelt sent word to the people of Panama
that IF a revolution against Columbian rule
happened to take place, the US Navy would
be near to prevent Columbian troops from
entering Panama. A revolution soon took
place, Panama became independent and gave
the US permission to begin work on the canal.
 New machines, medicine, and knowledge
helped keep the workers healthier, but
around 22,000 people died from malaria
and work accidents during the
construction, which was finished in 1914.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_655031&feature=iv&src_vid=-vi19z4LEi0&v=fA-pnN54uPw
President Roosevelt was the first President of the
United States to leave the United States while
President. He visited the Panama Canal on
August 15, 1914.
 While the United States considered Panama a
“virtual protectorate” and controlled the canal
from 1904 to 2000, many Panamanians
demonstrated against our presence there. In
1964, 23 students were killed when U.S.
Marines opened fire on a group of
demonstrators. The U.S. and Panama then
negotiated a predetermined date for the U.S.
returning sovereignty (self-rule) to Panama,
and this happened as agreed in the year 2000.
A World Power
From a nation embroiled in its own
sectional problems and ultimately Civil
War, the U.S. shifted its focus and gained
respect as a world power. However, there
were many Americans who saw our
involvement in other countries as a
betrayal of their right to liberty and
independence. They were known as antiimperialists.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_655031&feature=iv&src_vid=vi19z4LEi0&v=fA-pnN54uPw