Transcript Imperialism

Chapter 16 – Expansion Overseas
(1890 – 1914)
US becomes a world power through
trade and military force!
Learning Objectives
•Discuss how the United States became involved in Asia.
•Explain why the United States needed a port in the Pacific.
•Discuss the role of the United States in the Spanish-American War.
•Describe Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy.
•Explain why the Panama Canal was built.
•Explore the political views of Jose Marti.
Taking Control of Hawaii
• In the 1800’s Hawaii was a free nation.
• American planters bought large area of
land for growing sugarcane.
• King gave use of Hawaiian port of Pearl
Harbor.
• 1891 Queen Liliuokalani became ruler of
Hawaii and did not like US having so
much power.
– Did not agree with use of Pearl Harbor.
• 1893 Americans (US Marines) led a revolt
against the Queen.
– Congress made Hawaii a US protectorate.
– 1898 US annexed Hawaii.
• Protectorate –
• Annexed –
*What did the U.S. do when Queen Liliuokalani tried
to take back control of Hawaii?
Section 1 – Looking Toward Asia
•
•
Different Ideas in the US
Americans that felt it was wrong to try and control other countries.
– Isolationists –
Americans in favor of growing expansion.
– Spread American customs.
– Increase economic strength.
– Increase trade since American farmers and businesses were producing
more than people in the US could buy.
*What were the arguments for an against U.S. expansion?
Opening Trade With Japan
• Emperor opens up trade with US.
– Japan began building factories and building up Navy.
– Japan needed US steel for and oil for ships.
– US could buy cloth and other products from Japan.
• US needed a port in the Pacific Ocean so ships could refuel between the west
coast of the US and Asia.
– Pearl Harbor was a port on Oahu (one of the Hawaiian Islands).
*Why did the U.S. need a port in the Pacific Ocean?
Relations with China
• US wanted to trade with China.
– Weak nation due to little industry and fighting wars.
• US and Great Britain want Chinese rulers to make Open Door Policy.
– Open Door Policy –
• 1900 Boxer Rebellion – organization of made up of Chinese people trying
to get rid of foreigners.
• US and several other countries use force to end the Rebellion.
*How did the U.S. and Great Britain try to open trade with China?
The Great White Fleet
• 1880 – early 1900’s US enlarges Navy.
–
Needed to protect merchant ships as trade increased with foreign countries.
• 1907 Pres. Theodore Roosevelt wanted to show the world US was
becoming a great power / sent out 16 battleships “Great White Fleet,” on
a world tour.
*Why did President Roosevelt sent the Great White Fleet on tour?
Section 2 –
The Spanish American War
Cubans Revolt Against Spain
• By late 1800’s Spain no longer world power.
– Cuba and Puerto Rico under Spain’s control.
• After Cubans rebelled against Spain in 1868
many leaders fled (Jose Marti).
• Cubans fought Spain on and off for nearly 30
years. (Marti returned in 1895 to fight)
• Many Americans sided with Cubans since
reminded them of their own fight for
independence against Great Britain.
• US newspapers practiced yellow journalism, or
• <Jose Marti
*Why did many American side with the Cubans in their
fight against Spain?
Explosion of the Maine
• President William McKinley sent
battleship Maine to Havana.
–
•
2/15/1898 Maine exploded in
Havana Harbor.
–
•
Wanted to protect Americans in Cuba.
Approx. 260 Americans sailors killed.
Many Americans blamed explosion
on Spain (years later found it to be
an accident).
• Headline “Remember the Maine!”
increased American anger towards
Spain.
• 4/25/1898 US declared war on
Spain.
• <US battleship Maine
*Why did U.S. newspapers print the
headline “Remember the Maine!”?
Fighting the War
• Spanish-American War lasted less than 3 months.
– Fought in Philippines and Cuba.
• In Cuba, Theodore Roosevelt leader of army unit called the Rough
Riders became a hero.
– Won a major battle at San Juan Hill
– Soon after US Navy defeated Spanish fleet at Santiago.
• Treaty of Paris ended the war in 1898.
– US gained control of Cuba and Puerto Rico (Caribbean) and Philippines and other
island in the Pacific.
*What areas did the U.S. gain in the war against Spain?
The United States, a World Power
• US victory over Spain made US a world power.
– Controlled lands from the Caribbean Sea to the Pacific Ocean.
• Still mixed feelings about controlling other countries.
– Some Americans still against imperialism –
*How did the U.S. become a world power?
New Responsibilities
• US needed to decide how to govern areas now controlled.
• Cuba became a protectorate.
• Puerto Rico had limited independence.
– Jones Act of 1917 made it a US territory.
• Philippines limited government.
*What decisions were made about Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines?
Section 3 – The “Big Stick” and
the Panama Canal
The Need for a New Route
• President Theodore Roosevelt believed that US should take action in the world.
– “Speak softly and carry a big stick.” Roosevelt meant
– Foreign policy is
• President Roosevelt wanted to build a canal across Central America that would
shorten the trip from the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean.
– Plan to build canal through Panama (part of the country of Colombia.
– Roosevelt made offer for right to build canal and Colombia said “no.”
*Why did Roosevelt want to build a canal across Central America?
Building the Canal
• 1903 people of Panama rebelled against Colombia.
– Roosevelt sent ships and troops to help rebels.
• Colombia not strong enough to fight US so gave Panama independence.
– Panama gave US right-of-way across Isthmus of Panama.
– An Isthmus is
•
Building the Canal was one of biggest projects ever done – took thousands of men
9 years to build.
*How did President Roosevelt get the right to build the Panama Canal?
The Canal Opens
• 1914 1st ship passed through canal.
• US now controlled shortest route between Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
– US one of most powerful nations on earth.
– 1979 many American lived and worked in Panama Canal Zone.
The Roosevelt Corollary
• President Roosevelt wanted US to be able to settle problems in countries
in Western Hemisphere.
• 1904 Roosevelt Corollary added to Monroe Doctrine.
– A corollary is
– It said that
• Next 30 years US used Roosevelt Corollary as an excuse to interfere in the
affairs of Latin American countries.
*What was the Roosevelt Corollary?