Transcript 9-2 Power Point

Challenges to the New
Government
9-2
Securing the Northwest
Territory
• Spain owned much of
the land west of the
Mississippi, Florida,
and the port of New
Orleans
• Native Americans
claimed Northwest
Territory – Ohio River
and north into Canada
• Britain still held forts
north of the Ohio
River, supported
Native Americans
• Americans wanted the
ports in order to
trade.
1. Why was there conflict over
the West?
• Spain held much of the land West of Mississippi
and port of New Orleans. Spanish threatened to
close ports. Spanish also stirred up trouble with
settlers and Native Americans.
 Native American resistance in Northwest
Territory
 Britain still held on to forts north of Ohio River,
and supported the Native Americans
Battle of Fallen Timbers
•
Washington sent
troops to Ohio river
valley
–
–
–
Defeated by Little
Turtle
Indian tribes united to
defeat us army
“Mad Anthony” Wayne
sent to defeat the
tribes
• August 20, 1794, fight
between 2,000 Indians
and Wayne’s troops
• Native Americans
defeated…
• 12 tribes signed the
treaty of Greenville
– Agreed to surrender
Ohio and Indiana
regions to US
2. How did the Battle of Fallen
Timbers affect Native American
claims to land?
 Crushed their hopes of keeping their land
in the Northwest Territory. They had to
surrender much of present-day Ohio and
Indiana.
4. Why did Washington decide
to send troops to the Ohio
Valley to fight the force led by
Little Turtle?
 He believed the Northwest Territory was
critical to the security and growth of a new
nation.
5. What were the results of the
Battle of Fallen Timbers for the
Native Americans? For the
United States?
• Native Americans defeated
• US forced Native Americans to sign the
Treaty of Greenville, surrendering Ohio
and Indiana.
6. Why did the British refuse to
help the Native Americans?
 They did not want war with the United
States.
Whiskey Rebellion
• Conflict over
government’s tax
on whiskey
– Whiskey very
popular among
farmers
– Made more from
whiskey than from
rye
– Farmers used
whiskey for $$
• Summer of 1794
farmers attacked
tax collectors to
protest the tax on
whiskey
• 13,000 soldiers
sent to put down
the uprising
7. Why were the farmers angry
about the whiskey tax?
 They were angry because they used the
whiskey to trade, and did not have the
money to buy goods in many cases, let
alone pay taxes.
Whiskey Rebellion
• “Such resistance is treason against
society, against liberty, against
everything that ought to be dear to a
free, enlightened, and prudent
people. To tolerate it were to
abandon your most precious
interests. Not to subdue it were to
tolerate it.”
– Alexander Hamilton
8. Why did Washington decide
to crush the rebellion and
enforce the tax?
 He feared that not to act was to undermine
the new government and weaken it’s
authority.
3. Why was Washington’s
treatment of the Whiskey
Rebellion important?
• He had shown that the government had
the power and the will to enforce its laws.
The French Rebellion
• Inspired by the
Americans, French
revolutionaries
demanded liberty
and equality
• By 1792 revolution
became very
violent
The French Rebellion
• 1793 – King Louis
XVI and Marie
Antoinette executed
• France then
declared war on
Britain, Holland,
and Spain
• This puts the US in
an awkward
position
– WHY????
What to do?????
• France had been
ally of US during
revolution
• Britain was United
States’ most
important trading
partner
• Washington
decided US would
remain…
NEUTRAL
9. Why did the war between France
and Britain put the United
States in a difficult position?
 France had been our ally in the American
Revolution, but Britain was our biggest
trading partner.
10. How did Jefferson, Hamilton,
and Washington think the
United States should react to
the War?
• Jefferson – Felt that a move to crush the
revolution was an attack on liberty everywhere.
• Hamilton – Pointed out that Britain as the US’s
most important trading partner, and British trade
was too important to risk war.
• Washington – Declared that the US would
remain neutral
Remaining Neutral
• Britain made it
hard to remain
nuetral
– Seized American
cargo ships sailing
from West Indies
– Still held on to
forts in Ohio Valley
Remaining Neutral
• Chief Justice John Jay
goes to England to
work this out
• Jay’s Treaty
– called for British to pay
damages to ships
– British agreed to leave
Ohio Valley
– Jay’s Treaty unpopular
because it failed to open
West Indies trade to
Americans
Remaining Neutral
• Thomas Pinckney
helps reduce tensions
along frontier
• Pinckney’s Treaty
– Americans could travel
freely down Mississippi
River
– Could store goods in
New Orleans without
paying customs duties
– Spain accepted 31st
parallel as Southern
boundary of US
11. What problems did Jay’s Treaty
and Pickney’s Treaty solve for
the United States?
• Jay’s Treaty – Forced the British to pay for
damages to seized US vessels, and for the
British to leave the Ohio Valley
• Pinckney’s Treaty – Gave US the right to travel
freely on the Mississippi river, and to store goods
at the port of New Orleans without paying
customs duties.
Meanwhile…change was
coming back east as
Washington stepped down.
To Be Continued…