Transcript Chapter 9: LAUNCHING A NEW REPUBLIC Section 2

Lesson 9.2: Challenges
to the New Government
Today’s Essential Question: How did the
Washington administration face its problems
at home and with foreign countries?
Securing the
Northwest
Territory
• The TransAppalachian West
• Spain claimed the
land west of the
Mississippi, Florida,
and the port of New
Orleans.
The Port of New Orleans
• Key to trade for American
settlers in the West
• Goods carried to market
by flatboat
• The Spanish threatened to
close the port of New
Orleans to Americans.
Securing the Northwest Territory
The Spanish stirred up trouble between
the white settlers and Native American
groups in the Southeast.
Securing the Northwest Territory
• The British still held forts north of the
Ohio River in order to maintain its
access to the fur in these territories.
• Indian resistance to white settlement
encouraged by Britain
Securing the Northwest Territory
• In the Northwest,
American settlers met
fierce resistance from
Native Americans.
• 1790 – Chief Little Turtle
wins two decisive
victories against U.S.
troops by uniting many
tribes in a confederation
to defeat the federal
army.
The Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794)
Without Little Turtle’s leadership, the Indians were
defeated by General Anthony Wayne’s troops.
The Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794)
The British refused to help the retreating
Indians because they did not want war with
the United States, refused to help them.
The Treaty of Greenville
• Native Americans surrender most of Ohio
and Indiana
• Treaty ended Indian hopes of keeping
their land in Ohio
The Whiskey Rebellion
• Whiskey was used by farmers as money to trade
for other goods.
• 1794 – farmers in western Pennsylvania rebelled
Washington sent an army to
crush the Whiskey Rebellion.
Washington meant to show that the
government had the power and the will to
enforce its laws.
The French Revolution
• 1789 – French
Revolution
(liberte, egalite,
fraternite)
• Strong U.S.
support until the
struggle turned
violent
• Louis XVI and
thousands of
citizens killed
The French Revolution
• Britain, Spain, and Holland
declared war against France.
• United States caught in the middle
• France had been America’s ally
against the British
• Britain had become America’s #1
trade partner
The French Revolution
Hamilton – ‘British trade is
too important to risk in war.’
Jefferson – ‘Any move against
the French Revolution is an
attack on liberty everywhere.’
Washington
declared U.S
would
remain
neutral.
Remaining neutral proved
difficult.
• 1792 – Britain began seizing the cargoes of
American ships sailing to Europe.
• This angered many Americans and made it
hard for the United States to remain neutral.
Jay’s Treaty
• John Jay sent to England to
negotiate an end to the
seizures of American ships
• Also to get them to give up
their NW Territory forts
Jay’s Treaty
• News of the Battle of Fallen Timbers helped
convince Britain to give up the forts by 1796.
• The British also agreed to pay damages for
vessels they had seized.
Jay’s Treaty
Jay’s treaty was unpopular, because he did not
convince the British to open trade with the
British West Indies to Americans.
Pinckney’s Treaty with Spain
(1795)
• Americans could travel freely on the
Mississippi River and to New Orleans.
• Spain accepted the 31st parallel as the
boundary between Spanish Florida and
United States.