Transcript Definition

History
Test 2
Chapter 5
Question 1
• What English law passed prior to the
American Revolution allowed trials
without juries?
Sugar Act
Question 2
• Definition: The term referred to the
followers of James II and became the
name of a major political party in
England. Another name for the
Loyalists, those Americans who
remained loyal to the British during
the Revolutionary War.
Tories
Question 3
• Like many of the avoidable wars
fought in human history, the American
Revolution was, in large part, due to
what characteristic of the warring
nations?
Profound misconceptions about
the motivations of the
opponent
Question 4
• Definition: Author of Common
Sense and other pamphlets, this
writer was a recent immigrant
from England.
Thomas Paine
Question 5
• What was the extent of Spanish
holdings in North America in 1764?
All of Mexico, and from
California to the Mississippi
River.
Question 6
• Definition: The document, drafted
primarily by Thomas Jefferson, that
declared the independence of the
thirteen mainland colonies from Great
Britain and enumerated the reasons
for separating.
Declaration of Independence
Question 7
• The battle location outside of Boston
where the British tried to break the
siege of that town, and where the
rebels were bolstered by captured
British cannons hauled in by sled in
the snow from Fort Ticonderoga was?
Bunker Hill
Question 8
• Definition: American military leader
and frontiersman who led raids on
British troops and Native Americans
in the West during the Revolutionary
War.
George Rogers Clark
Question 9
• What was the essence of the strategy
of the British army’s multiple attacks
in New York State during 1777?
To divide most of New York from
New England and in doing so
divide the rebelling colonies in
two.
Question 10
• Definition: Signed on September 3,
1783, this treaty established the
independence of the United States
from Great Britain. It set specific land
boundaries and called for the
evacuation of British troops.
Treaty of Paris
Chapter 6
Question 11
• Following the American Revolution
what statement below would best
describe the politics of each state?
Each state was it own little
country
Question 12
• Definition: The idea of Dr. Benjamin
Rush that nurturing incorruptible
future leaders was women’s principal
responsibility under the new
government.
republican motherhood
Question 13
• The law which passed creating five
new states, whose land was sold to
help pay national debts was what?
Northwest Ordinance
Question 14
• Definition: American diplomat and jurist
who served in the Continental Congress
and helped negotiate the treaty which
ended the Revolutionary War. He was the
first chief justice of the U.S. Supreme
Court and negotiated the agreement with
Great Britain that became known as the
treaty that bears his name.
John Jay
Question 15
• What American icon was co-author of
the Declaration of Independence,
negotiator in Paris for the treaty that
ended the Revolutionary War, at the
Constitutional Convention he was
ailing and in his eighties?
Benjamin Franklin
Question 16
• Definition: The revolt in western
Massachusetts in 1786-1787 named for
one of its leaders. Their demands
included a more responsive state
government, paper money, and tender
laws that would enable them to settle
debts and pay taxes with goods rather
than with specie.
Shays’s Rebellion
Question 17
• Definition: Written by James Madison,
this plan proposed a powerful central
government dominated by a National
Legislature of two houses; it also
favored a system of greater
representation based on state’s
population.
Virginia Plan
Question 18
• Definition: A plan proposed by a
delegation from Connecticut that
established a bicameral Congress
with a House of Representatives,
based on a state’s population, and
the Senate, in which each state would
be represented equally.
Great Compromise
Chapter 7
Question 19
• Who was George Washington’s Vice
President and the second President
of the United States?
John Adams
Question 20
• Definition: The first ten amendments
to the U.S. Constitution. These
contain basic protection of the rights
of individuals from abuses by the
federal government, including
freedom of speech, press, religion,
and assembly.
Bill of Rights
Question 21
• Definition: Concluded in 1794
between the United States and Great
Britain to settle the difficulties arising
mainly out of violations of the treaty
that ended the Revolutionary War and
to regulate commerce and navigation.
Jay Treaty
Question 22
• Definition: The first bank was
established in 1791 as part of the
system proposed by Alexander
Hamilton to launch the new
government on a sound economic
basis.
Bank of the United States
Question 23
• Definition: Name given to the episode
in which the French government (the
Directory) demanded, through three
unnamed agents, that the U.S.
government pay a bribe and
apologize for criticizing France.
XYZ Affair
Question 24
• Definition: American inventor who
developed the first application of
steam power in an industrial setting.
He also developed a method of
automating flour mills that a
generation later was a standard in
U.S. mills.
Robert Fulton
Question 25
• Private merchant ships hired to serve
as a substitute for an American navy,
many of whom were pirates.
Privateers
Question 26
• Definition: British-born textile pioneer
in America. He oversaw construction
of the nation’s first successful waterpowered cotton mill.
Samuel Slater
Question 27
• The Federalists used their majority in
Congress and hold on the White
House, and a wave of partisanship, to
pass four laws that threatened free
speech and established strict rules for
the admission of aliens to citizenship.
Alien and Sedition Acts
Question 28
• Definition: American inventor and
manufacturer whose invention of the
cotton gin (1793) revolutionized the
cotton industry. He also established
the first factory to assemble muskets
with interchangeable parts.
Eli Whitney
Question 29
• Definition: In the early 1790's western
Pennsylvania farmers resisted paying tax
on a type of alcohol drink; they held
protest meetings, tarred and feathered
collaborators, and destroyed property. In
1794 the Washington administration sent
thirteen thousand troops to restore order,
but the revolt was over by the time they
arrived.
Whiskey Rebellion
Chapter 8
Question 30
• Definition: Shawnee leader who
attempted to establish a confederacy
to unify Native Americans against
white encroachment. He sided with
the British in the War of 1812 and
was killed at the Battle of the
Thames.
Tecumseh
Question 31
• What institution determined that
Thomas Jefferson had defeated
Aaron Burr for President?
House of Representatives
Question 32
• Definition: Federal judicial officials
appointed to office in the closing
period of a presidential
administration. The Republicans
accused Adams of staying awake all
night in order to sign these Federalist
appointments.
midnight appointments
Question 33
• What impact will the Second Great
Awakening have upon education in
America?
each denomination created
their own schools
Question 34
• Definition: American jurist and
politician who served as the chief
justices of the U.S. Supreme Court
(1801- 1835) and helped establish the
practice of judicial review.
John Marshall
Question 35
• What amendment to the U.S.
Constitution ended the arrangement
where the first place winner in the
election became president and the
second place became vice president?
12th Amendment
Question 36
• Definition: While governor of the
Indiana Territory, he attacked and
burned Prophetstown in 1811. The
ninth president of the United States
(1841), he died of pneumonia after
one month in office.
William Henry Harrison
Question 37
• From what country (or people) was
the Louisiana Purchase bought?
France
Question 38
• Definition: A gathering of Federalists
in 1814 that called for significant
amendments to the Constitution and
attempted to damage the Republican
party. The Treaty of Ghent and
Andrew Jackson’s victory at New
Orleans annulled any
recommendation of the meeting.
Hartford Convention
Question 39
• What was unique about the Battle of
New Orleans?
The peace treaty ending the
war had been signed.
Question 40
• Definition: The 7th president of the U.S.
(1829-1837) who, as general in the War of
1812, defeated the Red Sticks at
Horsehoe Bend (1814) and the British at
New Orleans (1815). As president he
denied the right of individual states to
nullify federal laws and increase
presidential powers.
Andrew Jackson