Transcript Growth of a New Nation #10

Growth of a New Nation
SS8H5 The Student will explain significant
factors that affected the development of
Georgia as part of the growth of the US
between 1789 and 1840. (a, b, c, d )
Map of the United States : exhibiting the postroads, the situations, connections & distances
of the post-offices, stage roads, counties &
principal rivers / by Abraham Bradley Jun'r
CREATED/PUBLISHED
[5th ed.]
Philadelphia : Made and sold by Caldcleugh
and Thomas, [1804]
The U. S. Expands
As a new country we begin to establish ourselves in
the world.
Following the
American
Revolution the
United States
begins to expand,
there was a thirst
for land and for
the independence
it brought to its
owners. Farming
was the country’s
main occupation
and source
income.
Louisiana Purchase of 1803
Thomas
Jefferson
negotiated the
purchase from
France that
doubled the
size of the
United States
for just
$15,000,000
• Even though he knew that there was
no executive authority in the
Constitution to purchase the territory,
he feared Spain and France had the
power to block American trade access
to the port of New Orleans.
• Then, in 1804 he sent an expedition
(Corps of Discovery) into this
unknown territory to find a
“Northwest Passage”.
Corps of Discovery 1804-1806
• Lewis and Clark explore the newly acquired
land for a water route through the continent.
They returned
with numerous
plant and animal
specimens, as
well as vast
amounts
of information
about the terrain
and people.
Age of Expansion and Economic Growth
• Even though the Revolution left the U.S. in
financial ruin and few people had any money
to pay taxes, there were many new inventions
that soon brought prosperity.
– mechanized farming tools, steamboats, and
railroad engines
– advances in industry, business, and commerce
Steam engines power many new
inventions
Early steamboat
Advances in transportation
create business opportunities.
The movement of goods and
people is made easier and
consequently causes economic
growth.
Canal boat being towed by a mule.
Economic impact of new inventions
• Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin
•Increased the speed
at which the seeds
could be removed
from the cotton.
•Cotton now
becomes a profitable
cash crop.
•Increased the
demand for labor to
tend the new fields of
cotton that were now
being planted.
Date Created/Published: 1869 Dec. 18.
Time saving and labor saving
= economic gains
Cyrus McCormick’s Grain Reaper
Land Fever in Georgia
Land policies
• Georgia tries to attract new settlers
• Georgia uses different systems to give land away
– Headright system was the first method used and gave
the land to the white male “head’ of the family which
had the “right” to receive up to 1,000 acres (lands east
of the Oconee River)
– Land lotteries began around 1803 when any white
male at least 21 years of age could buy a chance to
spin the lottery wheel for a designated land lot (lands
west of the Oconee River)
Yazoo Land Fraud of 1795
• One of the worst
political scandals in
GA history
• When GA borders
still went west to
the Mississippi
River
• Native tribes such
as the Creek and
Cherokee still lived
there
Yazoo River located in the present day
state of Mississippi
• Land speculators tried to make profits from
the sale of this land
• First needed to own it in order to sell it for
profit
• Bribed the governor and legislators to pass the
Yazoo Act which sold this land (35 million
acres) to four main speculation companies for
merely $.02 an acre
(See map on slide 14)
Yazoo Fraud discovered
• New settlers bought this land
• Citizens of Georgia discover the bribery (fraud) and
replace all the legislators the following year in the next
election
• Newly elected General Assembly repeals the Act which
now causes confusion on ownership of the land
• Laws suits are filed by those who bought the land and
did not want to give up their claims
• This went all the way to the Supreme Court which
settled by paying off all the claims
• Georgia’s new border now becomes the
Chattahoochee River, Georgia ceded the disputed land
to the federal government in exchange for $1,250,000
War of 1812
What are some major events
leading to The War of 1812?
US shipping was being harassed, and cargo was
seized.
Britain required licenses for ships bound for Europe
France confiscated cargo from licensed ships
Impressment of American sailors
Many British sailors became naturalized US citizens
and deserted British vessels and joined American
crews.
British Navy kidnapped these sailors off American
ships and had them rejoin the British Navy
What were some drawbacks to
going to war?
Not everyone in the U.S. wanted to go to war
Military was small
Standing army was small
Militia comprised most of our forces, and they did not
like to fight outside of their state borders
Navy was quite small- only 22 ships
Britain was a great superpower and could crush us
like a bug; we could lose territory that was gained
in the Treaty of Paris or the Louisiana Purchase
Problems during the War
Britain blockades the Eastern Seaboard
This prevented shipping from leaving, and made the
war more unpopular in the Northeast
In August 1814, British forces sailed into
Chesapeake Bay and captured Washington D.C.,
they burned the White House and the Capitol,
Madison and Congress barely escaped
Oh Say Can You See…
Unlike D.C., Baltimore was
ready for the British
The City militia inflicted
heavy casualties on the
British
After bombarding Fort
McHenry on September 13,
1814, the British abandoned
the attack
Francis Scott Key witnessed
the bombardment and penned
a poem which becomes the
National Anthem.
If The War of 1812 ended in a
tie, why was it important?
Gave the United States a National identity
We were able to hold our own against the
British
Started us thinking about continuing westward
expansion
Ended bad feelings toward the British
Creates a hero in Andrew Jackson and the
Western frontiersmen
Review:
Following the American Revolution the
U.S. experiences some financial issues but
soon becomes very prosperous due to new
inventions
The size of the country doubles with the
Louisiana Purchase
Yazoo Land Fraud rocks Georgia’s
government
War of 1812- causes and outcome