Transcript World War II - Cobb Learning

1. What did the U.S. do to help
the Allies before Pearl
Harbor?
2. List two of the three ways that
Georgia contributed to the
Allied victory in World War II?
3. Name the two politicians from
Georgia that advocated for a
stronger military and list their
accomplishments.
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Congress had passed laws earlier
prohibiting the President from selling
weapons to any warring nation.
These laws were designed to keep
the United States neutral. In 1940,
Congress changed the laws to allow
nations to pay cash for weapons from
the United States.
1941, the Allies were running out of
money to purchase military
equipment from the United States.
The Lend-Lease Act authorized the
president to lend or lease arms to the
Allied nations (mostly Great Britain)
during World War II.
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The United States had stopped
exporting airplanes, metals, aircraft
parts and aviation gasoline to Japan.
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After the Japanese invaded
French Indochina in 1941, Roosevelt
seized all Japanese property in the
U.S.
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With their oil supplies cut off by
the United States, Japan decided to
invade the Dutch East Indies
(Indonesia). The only force that
could stop the Japanese was the
U.S. Navy stationed at Pearl Harbor,
Hawaii.
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On Sunday, December 7, 1941,
Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. All eight
battleships in the port were severely
damaged or destroyed.
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Over 180 planes were destroyed,
and more than 2,000 people were
killed and 1,000 were wounded.
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Almost half of the U.S. casualties
were aboard the U.S.S. Arizona, which
sank with most of her crew aboard.
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On December 8, 1941, the United
States declared war on Japan, and a
few days later, Germany and Italy
declared war on the U.S.
• Allied Powers:
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United States
Great Britain
The Soviet Union
• Axis Powers
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Germany
Japan
Italy
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Bell Aircraft won a contract with the
federal government to build the B-29
bomber in a new factory in Marietta.
It was the largest aircraft assembly
plant in the world. In 1943, the plant
employed 1,200 people, and by
1945, 27,000 employees were
assembling 60-65 planes a month.
In the end, 668 planes had been built
by the time the contract ended at the
end of 1945.
In 1950, the Air Force convinced
Lockheed Aircraft Corporation to
reopen the Marietta plant. The plant
is still open and operated by the
Lockheed Martin Corporation.
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Due to Georgia’s climate and the
influence of politicians like Senator
Richard Russell, Jr., Senator Walter F.
George, and Representative Carl
Vinson, the state became the site of
several military installations.
Fort Benning in Columbus, Camp
Gordon in Augusta, Fort Stewart and
Hunter Air Field in Savannah and
Warner Robins Air Field near Macon.
Fort Benning was the largest infantry
center in the country.
Prisoners of war were held at Forts
Benning, Gordon, Oglethorpe and
Stewart.
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Cargo ships were needed to
transport goods, troops and
materiel (needs of a functioning
army) to U.S. troops and Allied
countries. Liberty ships were large
cargo ships designed to be quickly
and inexpensively built.
In Savannah, 88 Liberty ships were
built by 15,000 workers, many of
whom were women. The first of
Georgia’s Liberty ships was
launched in November 1942 – the
U.S.S. James Oglethorpe, which
was sunk by a German submarine
the next year.
• In Brunswick, over 16,000 men
and women worked around the
clock in 1943 and 1944 on six
ships at a time. In December
1944, they set a national record
by building seven ships in just
one month. The crews even
worked on Christmas Day and
donated their checks for that
day to the war effort. The
Brunswick shipyards produced a
total of 99 Liberty ships.
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On June 27, 1931, Winder resident Richard B.
Russell, Jr., became Georgia’s youngest governor
(at age 33). As governor, he consolidated state
offices and attempted to run the state like a
successful business. He also established the
Board of Regents of the University System of
Georgia.
In 1932, Governor Russell was elected to the U.S.
Senate, where he served for the next 38 years.
He served on the Armed Services Committee and
the Appropriations Committee. As an advocate
for a strong military in the 1930’s he helped the
U.S. prepare to fight in World War II. He was
influential in bringing or maintaining 15 military
bases in the state, along with many other
research facilities (including the Centers for
Disease Control).
One of his most important political
accomplishments was Richard B. Russell National
School Lunch Act which created the National
School Lunch Program to provide low-cost or free
school lunch meals to qualified students through
subsidies to schools.
• Served twenty-five consecutive
terms in the U.S. House of
Representatives (longest in U.S.
history at the time).
• Known as the “Father of the
Two Ocean Navy” for his
advocacy of a strong Navy
during the 1920s and 1930s.
Grand Nephew
Sam Nunn
U.S. Senator
Served 1972-1997
Carl Vinson
U.S. Representative
Served 1914-1965
Carl Vinson - Georgia Stories
Michelle Nunn
U.S. Senate
Candidate in 2014
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The Holocaust was the name given to the
systematic extermination of 6 million Jews
by the Nazis during World War II. The Nazis
created concentration camps as part of the
“final solution to the Jewish problem.” An
additional 5-6 million people, labeled as
“undesirables,” were also killed by the Nazis
before and during the war.
The deaths of these Jews, Poles, Czechs,
Russians, Gypsies, homosexuals, and the
mentally or physically disabled were part of
Hitler’s plan to rid Europe of what he called
“inferior” people.
In the camps, many died from starvation;
others died from disease, mistreatment and
medical experiments. Prisoners, including
children, were gassed in chambers they
thought were showers. Their bodies were
incinerated in huge ovens or thrown into
mass graves.
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First they came for the communists,
and I didn't speak out because I wasn't a
communist.
Then they came for the socialists,
and I didn't speak out because I wasn't a
socialist.
Then they came for the trade unionists,
and I didn't speak out because I wasn't a
trade unionist.
Then they came for the Jews,
and I didn't speak out because I wasn't a
Jew.
Then they came for the Catholics,
and I didn't speak out because I wasn't a
Catholic.
Then they came for me,
and there was no one left to speak for me.
- Martin Niemöller
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Many Holocaust survivors moved to
Georgia after the war. The Holocaust
also made some Georgians rethink their
treatment of minorities in the state,
which may have influenced people to
support the modern civil rights
movement a decade later.
1986, Governor Joe Frank Harris
established the Georgia Commission on
the Holocaust to educate people about
the Holocaust.
Its goal is to: “take lessons from the
history of the Holocaust and use them to
help lead new generations of Georgians
beyond racism and bigotry.” Through a
variety of programs, the Commission
fosters tolerance, good citizenship and
character development among the
young people of the state.
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Franklin Delano Roosevelt visited Georgia over 40
times from 1913-1945. He usually stayed at his
home in Warm Springs, which became known as
the “Little White House” during his presidency.
Roosevelt exercised in the warm water pools of
the spring to help ease the crippling effects of
polio, a disease he contracted in 1924.
Roosevelt’s New Deal programs provided aid to
many suffering the effects of the Great
Depression. Some people faulted FDR for not
doing more to end segregation and the lack of
civil rights in Georgia and the rest of the South.
He also angered many Georgians when he spoke
out against what he considered to be unfair labor
practices in Georgia’s textile industry.
FDR was visiting Warm Springs on April 12, 1945,
when he suffered a massive stroke and died.
Roosevelt’s body was carried by train from Warm
Springs to Washington, D.C.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Who are these guys?
Take out a clean sheet of paper for each partnership and be
ready to list important elements of their lives.