Transcript After WWI

Flappers, Depression &
Global War
1920 - 1945
Ms. Adams
The Impact of the Boll Weevil
The Destruction of King Cotton
• Appeared in
Southwest Georgia
in 1915 and spread
across the state.
• 1914 = 2,800,000
cotton bales
produced
• 1924 = only
600,000
http://entweb.clemson.edu/pesticid/100years/100yrG.htm
The Big Drought
• In 1924, Georgia farmers were
his with another natural
disaster – a major drought.
The sun-baked fields slowed
down the destruction of the
boll weevil but the drought
ruined all of Georgia’s other
crops. Over 375,000 farm
workers left Georgia between
1920 and 1925 and the number
of working farms greatly
depleted. When farms failed,
banks were not able to get bank
money loaned from them and
banks began to fail. Many other
farm-related businesses had to
close.
1. What impact did the
Boll Weevil and the
drought of the 1920’s
have on Georgians?
Economic Factors that Resulted
in the Great Depression
1.
2.
3.
4.
Bank Loans
Agricultural Bust
Tariffs on Goods
Stock Market
Crash of 1929
5. Laissez-Faire Policy
Bank Loans & Agricultural Bust
• People took out loans
in the 1920’s and
produced way too
much food. Over
production of
agricultural products
caused the demand to
fall and farmers were
not making money on
their goods. They
could not pay banks
back. Many banks
went out of business
and people lost their
money.
Tariffs on Goods
* After WWI people
wanted to trade with
other countries but
in order to repay
war debts the U.S.
put tariffs on goods.
No one could afford
to buy the goods and
the U.S. did not
make money to repay
war debts.
Stock Market Crash of 1929
& Laissez-Faire Policy
• Stock Market Crash
• “Black Tuesday” –
October 29, 1929
• Many lost everything
they had.
• Laissez-Faire Policy
• The idea that the
economy can fix
itself without
government
intervention
2. What economic factors do
we have in common at this
time with the economic
factors that created the
Great Depression?
Life During the Depression
• 1 out of 4 Americans were unemployed
• There was no welfare or food stamps
• If you didn’t have money – you didn’t
have a home and you couldn’t eat
3. What government aids did
the people during the 1930’s
not have that would have
made the Depression easier?
FDR & the New Deal
• Read p. 391 in the blue book
The New Deal
• AAA – Agricultural Adjustment
Administration
• REA – Rural Electrification
Administration
• CCC – Civilian Conservation Corp
• WPA – Works Programs Administration
• The Social Security Act – System for
retirement and unemployment
• Labor and the New Deal
Impact of the CCC Corp
•
•
The Civilian Conservation Corp was a public works program that put
more than three million young men and adults to work building roads
and trails in parks, building conservation dams, building campgrounds,
planting trees, draining swamps, replanting grazing land, renovating
historic buildings and stringing telephone lines.
The CCC impact in Georgia is measured by the structures still standing
and the stories of the ones that have passed. Kennesaw
Mountain NBP, Cloudland Canyon, Fort Mountain, Vogel, Unicoi,
Moccasin Creek, Hard Labor Creek, Chickamauga - Chattanooga
National Military Park, Lake Conasauga, the Pocket, and Lake Winfield
Scott, bear structures created by the Corps. Brasstown Bald, and The
Appalachian Trail, including the shelter on Blood Mountain and an inn at
Neels Gap now known as Walesi-yi are also part of the legacy.
1939 photo of Vogel Lodge (now Walasi-yi) This photo, taken two
years after completion of the lodge shows the building looking from
the south end.
AAA
• Its purpose was to help
farmers by reducing
production of staple
crops, thus raising farm
prices and encouraging
more diversified
farming. The
government paid them
for the crops they
didn’t crow – subsidies.
Impact of the Agricultural
Adjustment Act
• In Georgia, the federal government paid
farmers to plant less cotton as a means
of restricting the supply and driving up
the price.
• This did serve to increase the price of
cotton but mostly helped the large scale
cotton growers. It did little to help the
sharecroppers.
REA
Rural Electrification
* Read p. 395
4. How did people take baths, wash
clothes, keep food refrigerated and
process foods before electricity?
5. What electrical devises helped
farmers out with their daily lives?
Social Security
• Takes money out of
your check to save
for when you get
older. A system
established for
retirement or for the
inability to work.
6. What do you think happened
to people before 1935 when
they got too old to work?
7. What do you think happened
to individuals who had mental
problems or who were disabled
before 1935?
Eugene Talmadge
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Governor of Georgia from 1933 – 1935
Dramatic/fiery politician
Compared himself to Tom Watson –
especially when trying to get rural votes
He “stumped the state” and carried a
stump on which he God Almighty and
Eugene Herman Talmadge
Conservative White Supremacist who
disliked the Federal government coming in
to give Georgia economic relief
Tried to rid the state of Neal Deal
programs – so the Federal government had
to come in to enforce the programs
Fired everyone that did not support him
and would declare Martial Law – bringing
in the National Guard to arrest and seize
people he wanted out of office and arrest
strikers
After two terms he ran for Senator and
was soundly defeated by Richard B.
Russell.
8. What are the different ways in which
Eugene Talmadge proved himself to be
crazy?
WWII
• Read p. 138 – 141 in the CRCT silently
• Lend-Lease Act
• Bombing of Pearl Harbor
Lend Lease Act
• lend-lease, arrangement for the transfer of
war supplies, including food, machinery, and
services, to nations whose defense was
considered vital to the defense of the United
States in World War II. The Lend-Lease Act,
passed (1941) by the U.S. Congress, gave the
President power to sell, transfer, lend, or
lease such war materials. The President was
to set the terms for aid; repayment was to be
“in kind or property, or any other direct or
indirect benefit which the President deems
satisfactory.”
Bombing of Pearl Harbor
9. How did the Lend-Lease Act bring the
United States into the war?
10. How did the bombing of Pearl Harbor
bring the United States into the war?
Georgia’s Involvement in WWII
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Military bases
Brunswick and Savannah Shipyards
Bell Aircraft Company
Read p. 413 blue book
Military Bases
http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/localList.php?local=11&locTGroup=Military_bases&direction=down&sec=0
11. How did Georgia’s military bases
contribute to the WWII efforts?
12. How did Georgia’s military bases
contribute to Georgia’s economy?
Savannah & Brunswick
Shipyard
13. What were ships from Georgia called?
14. What amazing thing did the Brunswick
shipyard do during the war?
Bell Aircraft
15. What did the Bell Aircraft Company
make?
16. After WWII was over, how did these
war-time facilities change Georgia?
Richard B. Russell
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Richard B. Russell Jr. Richard B. Russell
Jr.served in public office for fifty years
as a state legislator, governor of
Georgia, and U.S. senator.
Best known for his efforts to
strengthen the national defense and to
oppose civil rights legislation.
He favored his role as advocate for the
small farmer and for soil and water
conservation.
Russell also worked to bring economic
opportunities to Georgia. He helped to
secure or maintain fifteen military
installations; more than twenty-five
research facilities, including the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention and
the Russell Agricultural Research
Center.
Russell believed that his most important
legislative contribution was his
authorship and secured passage of the
National School Lunch Program in 1946.
• Even though I forgot to ask you a
question about this man on your paper
please write 2 facts about him on the
back.
Carl Vinson
• “Father of the Two-Ocean
Navy”
• Served as a House
Representative from 1914 –
1965
• Had major influence in
promoting national defense
through WWII and the Cold
War against Russia
• Pushed a bill that created
10,000 new planes, trained
16,000 new pilots and
established 2 new air bases.
• Georgia’s economy depended so
heavily on the military
installations and thanked him
for creating them.
Carl Vinson
• President Lyndon B.
Johnson awarded him
the Carl Vinson
Presidential Medal of
freedom.
• President Nixon named
America’s 3rd Nuclear
carrier after him.
• He died in 1981 at the
age of 98
17. Give 3 facts about Carl Vinson.
Holocaust & Georgia
• Georgia’s Holocaust Commission
• http://holocaust.georgia.gov/02/gch/ho
me/0,2454,24114746,00.html
18. What is Georgia’s Holocaust
Commission?
President Roosevelt & Georgia
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Franklin D. Roosevelt in Georgia
Between FDR at Warm Springs1924 and
1945 Franklin D. Roosevelt visited Warm
Springs and Georgia forty-one times. In the
early years, he spent his days exercising at
the pools at the Warm Springs resort as he
tried to rebuild his leg muscles from the
debilitating effects of polio. After being
elected as the thirty-second president of
the United States in 1932, he used his new
home at Warm Springs, "The Little White
House," as a retreat from the rigors of
leading a nation through the Great
Depression. He died there in 1945. To a
generation of west Georgians, he was both
the president and a trusted friend who
could be seen waving as he passed by in his
convertible or rode by in a train on his way
to the nation's capital.
Warm Springs, Georgia
Read p. 408 in the Blue Book –
“Georgia Loses a Friend”
19. What was Georgia’s connection to
Roosevelt?