Transcript Georgia Studies - Bibb County School District

Georgia Studies
Unit 3- Revolution in Georgia
Lesson 4: Westward
Expansion
Lesson 4: Westward Expansion
►Essential
Question:
-How do political policies and
new technologies influence growth
and development?
Education and Religion
► The
University of Georgia chartered in 1785 as
nation’s first land-grant university; opened for
classes in 1801
► Georgia Female College (later Wesleyan College)
opened in 1836
► Religious groups, such as the Baptist and
Methodist churches, also began to spread across
Georgia. As more towns were established churches
became the centers for social and commuity life.
Cotton and the Cotton Gin
Cash Crop-Crops which are grown to be sold
► Eli Whitney in 1793 invented a machine for separating
cotton seeds from its fiber
► Increased the amount cotton growers could process each
day
► The cotton gin used wire teeth on a turning cylinder to
separate the seed from fiber
► Other inventions, such as Cyrus McCormick’s Mechanical
Reaper also helped farmers to become more productive.
► Since farmers were now able to do more work each day,
many farmers wanted to move westward so that they
could have even larger farms.
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The Western Territory
In 1802, Georgia ceded its land claims west of the
Chattahoochee River to the federal government for $1.25
million
► President Thomas Jefferson doubled the nation’s size in
1803 with the Louisiana territory purchase; the U.S. paid
France $15 million for land that stretched to the Rocky
Mountains
► Many people began to move west across the Oregon and
Santa Fe trails, many of these hoping to find gold. Between
1848 and 1850, the population of California increased
tenfold due to the major gold rush.
► Georgia’s farmers now had access to a large amount of
land.
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Frontier Georgia
► Undeveloped
land in central and western Georgia
► Few settlers; much land given away in land
lotteries or through the Headright System
► Far-flung trading posts were only stories
► Often danger lurked from hostile attacks
► Social activities often centered around necessary
work
► The country store became the center of activity;
few luxuries were available
Headright System
► Indian
land in Georgia east of the Oconee River
was given to settlers
► Every white male counted as a head of household
and had the “right” to receive up to 1,000 acres
► This was generally replaced in 1803 by a land
lottery for government-owned land west of the
Oconee
► All white heads-of-household could buy a lottery
chance and win land; millions of acres in several
states were given away
Yazoo Land Fraud
► Around
1795, four companies bribed the governor
and legislators
► Bought millions of acres in western Georgia for 1
½ ¢ an acre
► The public found out and protested; the legislators
involved were voted out of office
► The General Assembly repealed the law approving
the sale; the federal government paid more than
$4 million to help Georgia settle Yazoo land claims
Early Roads in Georgia
► Railroads,
most built after 1830, replaced horses,
stagecoaches, and boats. Railroads helped
Georgia’s citizens travel and trade much more
efficiently.
► Most Georgia roads ran east to west; they were
former Indian footpaths
► Plank roads over wetlands that featured “pikes” or
gates were called turnpikes
► Travelers paid a toll, or fee at each pike; the Old
Federal Road connected Athens north to
Tennessee
Georgia’s Capital City
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After the American Revolution Georgia’s capital city moved from the
original capital (Savannah) to Augusta.
As Georgia’s population began to move farther west Georgia decided to
move its capital city; Louisville served as GA’s third capital city from
1795-1807.
The city of Milledgeville served as Georgia’s fourth capital cit from 1807
until after the Civil War (1868)
The city of Terminus was created in 1837 and meant to serve as the
end of a proposed railroad that originated in Chattanooga, Tennessee.
Terminus was renamed Marthasville in 1843, after the daughter of
former Governor Wilson Lumpkin
The name was changed to Atlanta in 1845. Atlanta became Georgia’s
fifth capital city in 1868.
Georgia Studies
Unit 3: Revolution in Georgia
Lesson 5: Indian Removal
Lesson 5: Indian Removal
► Essential
Question:
-How do economic and political
factors affect disenfranchised groups?
(e.g. Creeks and Cherokees)
Creek Indians
► Series
of clashes between Creek and settlers who
pushed into their land known as Oconee War
► Treaty of New York: Creek Chief Alexander
McGillivray signed the treaty giving up all land east
of the Oconee River, but could keep land on the
west side; this angered Georgia settlers, who felt
betrayed by their government
► Land treaties were often broken
► Red Stick Creeks endorsed war to fight for their
land claims; White Stick Creeks wanted peace
The Creek War
► Red
Sticks attacked Fort Mims, killing more than
400 people
► The Battle of Horseshoe Band, in Alabama, ended
the Creek War in 1814; Andrew Jackson led the
U.S. Troops
► The Creeks were forced to give up nearly all their
land to the U. S. Government
► The Treaty of Indian Springs gave up last Creek
lands in Georgia to the U. S. : Chief William
McIntosh was later murdered by rival Creeks for
signing the treaty
Removal of the Creeks
► Treaty
of Washington (1832) resulted in 5 million
acres of Creek land ceded to the United States
► U.S. agreed to allow Creeks who wished to remain
and live on 2 million of those acres; the U.S.
promised to protect those who stayed
► Those who didn’t wish to stay would have to move
to the western territories
► The treaty was broker; by 1840, nearly all Creeks
were forced to move west
Cherokee Culture
► Most
advanced of Georgia’s tribes; learned quickly
from white settlers
► Some, like Chief James Vann, lived in large houses
► Chief Vann encouraged Christianity
► Sequoyah developed a syllabary, a group of
symbols that stand for whole syllables; it gave
Cherokees a written form of their language
► Government modeled on that of United States;
capital at New Echota by 1825
Cherokee Removal
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Indian Removal Act of 1830-Signed by President Andrew
Jackson; made the practice of forcibly removing Native
Americans legal.
Dahlonega Gold Rush-Gold was discovered on Cherokee
land in north Georgia near the city of Dahlonega;
heightened demand for Cherokee land
The Supreme Court of the United States and Chief Justice
John Marshall decided that the Cherokee were a sovereign
nation and should be allowed to rule themselves.
Without the support of Chief John Ross, a rebellious
Cherokee group signed a treaty giving away all Cherokee
land
The Trail of Tears
► Between
1832 and 1835, Cherokees were
stripped of their land
► In the winter of 1838, thousand of
Cherokees were forcibly removed to
Oklahoma; about 4,000 died from disease,
exposure, or hunger
► 700 to 800 escaped and hid in the North
Carolina mountains