Transcript Unit #1
Take Five What is culture? Give an example. What is the difference between culture & society or ethnicity? Unit #1 Chp 4: Human Geography: People & Places The elements of culture Culture: the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by a group of people and passed on to another generation Society: a group that shares a geographic region, sense of identity and culture Ethnic group: a group of people that have common language, customs & heritage How can a culture be shared or spread? Innovations—taking resources or other technologies and turning it into something new Diffusion—spread of ideas and inventions Cultural hearth—site where innovative technique emerged Acculturation—when a society changes when it adopts an innovation from another society Wally Points… What is an example of diffusion today? What is an example of acculturation today? Languages Languages help to identify a group of people in a culture There are 3,000-6,500 language spoken world wide All languages have been categorized into different language families Versions of languages are known as dialects Language Families Take Five (1-2)Using the graph of pg 74 answer the skill builder questions. (3) Name 5 different dialects. The Role of Religion in Culture Religion is defined as a belief in a supernatural power or powers that are regarded as the creators and maintainers of the universe – Monotheistic—belief in 1 god – Polytheistic—belief in many gods – Animistic—belief in nature gods (sun, moon, river etc) Major World Religions Judaism—the oldest monotheistic religion, established approx. 3,200 years ago, beliefs are written in the Torah Christianity—evolved from the teachings of Judaism around 2,000 years ago. Based on the teachings of Jesus Christ and spread through disciples (followers of Christ) and missionaries. Beliefs are written in the Bible. Worship 1 God. Islam—Based on the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad. Began around 613 AD. Monotheistic and worship Allah. Beliefs written in the Koran (Qur’an)—divisions: Sunni & Shiite Hinduism-- Religions of the World · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · World Religions Christianity: 2 billion Islam: 1.3 billion Hinduism: 900 million Secular/Nonreligious/Agnostic/Atheist: 850 million Buddhism: 360 million Chinese traditional religion: 225 million primal-indigenous: 150 million African Traditional & Diaspora: 95 million Sikhism: 23 million Juche: 19 million Spiritism: 14 million Judaism: 14 million Baha'i: 6 million Jainism: 4 million Shinto: 4 million Cao Dai: 3 million Tenrikyo: 2.4 million Neo-Paganism: 1 million Unitarian-Universalism: 800 thousand Rastafarianism: 700 thousand Scientology: 600 thousand Zoroastrianism: 150 thousand Populations of the World Section 2: Population Geography Population geographers study birth rates, fertility rates, mortality rates, infant-mortality rates, and other statistics In order to replace the current rates of population, our fertility rates would need to be 2.1—today the average rate is 3.0 Wally Points… What factors have caused our population to reach over 6 billion? In 2000, which areas had the highest and lowest birth rates? P 78 How is the rate of natural increase determined? P 79 Population Pyramid Population Distribution 2/3’s of the world’s population live between 200 N and 600N ½ are living in rural areas – Push-pull factors Reasons another why people leave one area in favor of There are 2 megacities – Tokyo 28 million people – Population density—estimated 80% will live in urban areas by 2080 Tokyo Wally Points… Are more skyscrapers the answer for megacities? Why or why not? What about natural disasters? Section 3: Political geography State-an area (country) that governs its own internal and external affairs independent of another Nation-a group of people with a common culture living in a territory and having a strong sense of unity Nation-state-a country and group occupy the same territory Stateless nation-when a group of people do not have a territory Types of Government Democracy Monarchy – Theocracy Dictatorship Socialism Communism Geographic Characteristics of a Nation Size, shape and relative location National boundaries—based on physical land features – Landlocked countries Artificial boundaries—lines of latitude and longitude, but basically invisible Section 4: Urban Geography—the study of how people use space in cities Cities, metropolitan areas, suburbs – Geographers study land use patterns (i.e. residential, industrial or commercial) Trend towards urbanization – Shopping, entertainment, government facilities, cultural events, public parks – Mass transit: trains, trolleys, buses, taxi, subways etc – Problems… Not so far fetched “skyscraper farms” & cities within skyscrapers Section 5: Economic Geography-production and exchange of goods and services among a group of people Types of economic systems: – Traditional economy—barter system – Command economy-economy determined by the central government – Market economy-free enterprise— capitalism – Mixed economy-combination of command and market Wally Points… Which of the following levels of economic activity most closely describes the US economy? Primary activities-the gathering of raw materials Secondary activities-manufacturing of raw materials into a finished product Tertiary activities-providing business or professional services Quaternary activities-provide information, management and research services Natural Resources Renewable-can be replaced through natural processes Non-renewable-cannot be replaced or very slow to replace Inexhaustible energy sources-sun, geothermal heat, winds and tides What does GNP refer to? Per capita income—average amount of money earned by each person in a political unit Gross National Product—total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year GDP (Gross Domestic Product)— goods and services produced within a country in a year Georgia places ranked by per capita income Skidaway Island, Georgia – $63,851 Vernonburg, Georgia – $49,391 Daisy, Georgia – $47,166 Sandy Springs, Georgia – $45,494 Vinings, Georgia – $45,068 Dunwoody, Georgia – $43,523 Berkeley Lake, Georgia – $43,439 Avondale Estates, Georgia – $42,605 Woolsey, Georgia – $42,177 Alpharetta, Georgia – $39,432 World GDP 1United States 14,264,600 2 Japan 4,923,761 3 People's Republic of China 4,401,614 4 Germany 3,667,513 5 France 2,865,737 6 United Kingdom 2,674,085 7 Italy 2,313,893 8 Russia 1,676,586 9 Spain 1,611,767 10 Brazil 1,572,839