Transcript The Respiratory System

The Respiratory System
The system of the body that
deals with breathing
The body takes in the oxygen that
it needs and removes the carbon
dioxide that it doesn’t
The Oxygen Delivery System
• Main function - to supply the blood with
oxygen
• Does this through breathing
Breathing and Respiration
are NOT the same thing!
Breathing
Moving air in
and out of the
lungs
Respiration
Chemical reaction that
releases energy
• Breathing in
Inhalation
• Rib muscles contract to pull ribs up and
out
• Diaphragm muscle contracts to pull
down the lungs
• Tissue expands to force (pull) in air.
Exhalation
• Breathing out
• Get rid of carbon dioxide
• Rib muscles relax
• Diaphragm muscle relaxes
• Tissue returns to resting position and forces
(pushes) air out
Parts of the System
• Mouth
• Nose
• Trachea
– splits into bronchi
– bronchioles
• Lungs
– Bronchioles
– Alveoli
• Diaphragm
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/
Lungs
• Bronchial tubes
• Many smaller tubes
• Alveoli (alveolus) – surrounded by
capillaries
• Average adult's lungs contain about 600
million of these air-filled sacs
http://users.tpg.com.au/users/amcgann/body/respiratory.html
Pathway of Oxygen
Body breathes in the air which is pulled
through the nose or mouth and down
through the trachea
The trachea is a pipe shaped by rings of
cartilage.
http://webschoolsolutions.com/patts/systems/lungs.htm
Pathway of Oxygen
Inside the lung, the bronchi divide into
smaller and smaller tubes called
bronchioles.
At the end of each of these tubes are small
air sacs called alveoli.
Capillaries, which are small blood vessels
with thin walls, are wrapped around these
alveoli.
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/
Pathway of Oxygen
Capillary walls are so thin and close to each
other that the air easily diffuses through.
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/
Pathway of Oxygen
Oxygen diffuses through the capillaries into
the bloodstream.
Carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, diffuses
through into the alveoli, and is then
removed from the body when we breathe
out.
The Diaphragm
The diaphragm flattens to cause the chest to
expand and air is pulled into the lungs.
The muscle that controls the breathing
process.
When the diaphragm relaxes, the chest
collapses and the air in the lungs is forced
out.
Common Respiratory Diseases
• Asthma is a common
chronic (re-occurring)
inflammatory (swelling)
disease of the airways.
Symptoms include
wheezing, coughing, chest
tightness, and shortness of
breath.
• Lung cancer is a
disease which
consists of
uncontrolled cell
growth in tissues of
the lung. This growth
may lead to
metastasis, which is
the invasion of near
by tissue and
infiltration beyond the
lungs (spread).