Transcript Civil War Turning Points

Economy of the South
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War brought economic ruin
Income tax- 1/10 of crops go to government
Wild inflation of Confederate dollar
Cotton trade collapses (N blockade, Britain
buys from Egypt instead)
• Low supplies of weapons and food
Economy of the North
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Bonds issued and income tax established
Printing of money lead to inflation
Farm production increased during the war
Manufacturers made huge profits through
profiteering (charging excessive prices for
goods such as clothing, shoes, guns)
Southern Leaders
Thomas “Stonewall”
Robert E. Lee
Jackson
Commander of CA
Jefferson Davis
-Attended West Point
-Secretary of War
-Spent much time
arguing with his military
officers
-President of
Confederacy
Northern Leaders
George McClellan
Ulysses S. Grant
Abraham Lincoln
Strong but patient
leader
Sense of humor
Little experience in
national politics or
military matters
President of the Union
Strategies for the North
(Anaconda Plan)
• Blockade Southern ports to halt trade with
Europe
• Seize Richmond, VA the Confederate
capital
• Seize the Mississippi River to prevent South
from supplying their troops
• Once supply lines were seized, wear down
the South until they had nothing left
Southern Strategies
(War of Attrition)
• Fight a defensive war until the North tired
of fighting
• Count on European supplies and money to
fight the war (European countries relied on
Southern Cotton)
Goals of the War
Northern Goals:
To keep the Union
together by forcing the
South to rejoin
Most did not want
equality between
blacks and whites
Southern Goals
Independence from the
North
To protect their way of
life (slavery, states’
rights)
Did not want equality
between blacks and
whites
Strengths and Weaknesses of the
North
• 22 million free citizens • Had to conquer a
(many soldiers,
huge, unfamiliar area
farmers, factory
• Did not have the
workers)
strongest military
• 90% of factory
leaders
production
• 70% of the railroad
• Strong navy and trade
fleet
Strengths and Weaknesses
of the South
• Believed that they
were fighting a war for
Southern
independence (reason
to be brave)
• Fighting a defensive
war
• Good leaders
• Shooting is a part of
Southern life
• Few factories to produce
weapons
• Few railroads to move
supplies
• Weak central government
(difficult to get things
done)
• Only 9 million people
(and 1/3 are slaves)
• Small navy and trade fleet
MONDAY WARM-UP
BATTLES OF THE
CIVIL WAR
• COMPLETE
QUESTIONS 1-10 OF
YOUR MINI-TEST
Fort Sumter: April
• The fort was under
UNION control
• The Confederates
(Southerners) asked
them to surrender
• The Union
(Northerners) refused
• Confederates attacked
th
11 ,
1861
What do you think carnage mean?
Describe what you think getting something
amputated during the civil war would be like?
Hypothesize what Civil War medicine may have
been like…sanitary?
How does an infection work to kill you?
Who is Clara Barton and how does she change
war medicine forever?
Battle of Bull Run: July 1861
• First actual battle of the Civil War
• People came to have a picnic and watch the
soldiers fight
• “Stonewall” Jackson earns his nickname
• Union is defeated
• Confederate troops could have taken
Washington, D.C
Drawing of the Battle
of Bull Run(Manassas)
Thomas
“Stonewall” Jackson
Monitor vs. Merrimack: Clash of
Iron-clad Ships
• March 8th, 1862
• Confederates covered
a warship called the
“Merrimack” with
Iron plates 4 inches
thick
• The ship took out
several Union naval
ships
Union Makes the Monitor
• The Union navy made
its own iron-clad ships
• The iron-clad ship the
“Monitor” took on the
Confederate iron-clad
ship the “Merrimack”
• Neither ship damaged
the other, so both
withdrew
Battle of Antietam
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September 17th, 1862
No clear winner
23,000 casualties
S withdraws: Leads to
Lincoln issuing the
Emancipation
Proclamation
• Northern General
McClellan
• Southern General Robert
E. Lee
Northern
General
George C.
McClellan
Photographs taken of
killed soldiers after the
battle
Lincoln Issues the Emancipation
nd
Proclamation: September 22 ,
"That on the first day of 1862
January, in the year of
our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and sixtythree, all persons held
as slaves within any
State or designated
part of a State, the
people whereof shall
then be in rebellion
against the United
States, shall be then,
thenceforward, and
forever free”
In which states have slaves been freed?
In which states have slaves not been freed?
Why is this?
How did Europe feel about
slavery? Why might Lincoln be
trying to make the South’s
slavery more obvious to them?
How does this change the
purpose of the war?
(Lincoln signing the
Emancipation Proclamation)
Battle of Gettysburg, PA: June
30th, 1863
• S General Lee is
attempting to take
Washington, D.C.
• N General George Meade
meets him at Gettysburg,
PA
• On the third day, the S
charges Union forces who
are on higher ground
• S fails; this is the
TURNING POINT of the
war
Hill where the Union soldiers held
back the Confederate charge
Aerial photo of the battle field
at Gettysburg
The Gettysburg Address:
November 19th, 1863
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new
nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are
created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so
conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of
that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place
for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting
and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow
-- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have
consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little
note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did
here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work
which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to
be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored
dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full
measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have
died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and
that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from
the earth.
Copy of the
original
Address
Battle of Vicksburg, May 18th,
1863- July 4th, 1863
• N General Grant
attacks in order to get
control of the
Mississippi River
• The Union solders
starve out the
Confederates and win
The table where
the Confederates
signed their
surrender of
Vicksburg
Picture of the
fighting at
Vicksburg
William T. Sherman’s March to
the Sea: Summer and Fall, 1864
• N General Sherman marches through the
Southern Shenandoah Valley
• He destroys everything in his path (TOTAL
WAR)
• They burned homes, crops, farms, pulled up
railroads, and killed livestock
Grant Takes Richmond, VA:
April, 1864
• S Army was
surrounded and knew
they would be
slaughtered
• Robert E. Lee
surrendered at
Appotomax
Courthouse