Transcript The American Civil War

The American Civil War
1861-1865
What happened after the Election
of 1860?
• The Confederacy States of
America was formed.
• Each state would be
independent.
• President of
Confederacy was
Jefferson Davis.
• 7 states had seceded.
• The first to secede was
South Carolina.
• The Confederate capital
would eventually be
Richmond, Virginia.
What happened at Fort Sumter?
• Opening confrontation
of the Civil War in April
1861.
• Lincoln decided to
resupply the fort and
Davis ordered an attack.
• The Union surrendered the
fort and the war had
begun.
What was the importance of
Virginia?
• After Fort Sumter,
Virginia agrees to leave
the Union.
• Most heavily populated
Southern state and most
industrialized.
• Arkansas, Tennessee, and
North Carolina made the
Confederacy 11 states.
What were the border states?
• Four remaining slaves
states that remained in the
Union.
• Maryland, Delaware,
Kentucky, and Missouri.
• Many of their citizens
fought for the
Confederacy and many
fought for the Union.
What were the Confederate advantages
and strategies for war?
•
•
•
•
Cotton
First-rate generals
Strong military tradition
Soldiers defending
homeland
• Defensive strategy
• Encouraged to attack
North if the opportunity
arose.
What were the Union advantages
and strategies for the war?
• Railroads
• Manufacturing centers
• Anaconda Plan had 3
parts:
1. Union navy would
blockade Southern ports.
2. Union riverboats and
armies would take over
Mississippi (split
Confederacy)
3. Capture Richmond
What happened at the First Battle
of Manassas (Bull Run)?
• First major battle in
the Civil War.
• Stonewall Jackson
became a Confederate
hero.
• Major victory for the
Confederates.
Who was General George
McClellan?
• Appointed head of the
Union Army by
President Lincoln.
• Had a reputation of
being too cautious.
What happened at Forts Henry
and Donelson?
• 1862- Union army
invaded Tennessee.
• Ulysses S. Grant led
the Union troops in the
West.
• Union captured both
forts.
What happened at the Battle of
Shiloh (1862)?
• Taught both sides a
valuable lesson.
• Need to send out
scouts, build
fortifications, and dig
trenches.
• Bloody battle that cost
over 100,000 troops
were killed, wounded,
and captured.
Who was David G. Farragut?
• Union admiral that
captured the city of
New Orleans.
• Took control of Baton
Rouge and Natchez.
How did technology influence
warfare?
• 1862- ironclad ships are
introduced.
• Monitor- Northern ship
• Merrimack- Southern
ship
• Battle was a draw.
• New weapons- rifle, minie
ball, grenades, and land
mines.
Who was Robert E. Lee?
• Leader of the Army
of Northern Virginia.
• Led Confederate
forces to many early
victories.
Why was the Battle of Antietam
is important?
• Lee’s troops into the
Northern state of
Maryland.
• General McClellan
(Union) was too cautious
and the battle is
considered a draw.
• September 17, 1862bloodiest day in
American history.
• More than 26,000
casualties in one day.
What was the Emancipation
Proclamation?
• Issued on January 1,
1863.
• Freed slaves in the
Confederacy, but NOT
border states.
• Symbolic importance
• Free blacks and enlisted in
the Union army.
• Confederates were
outraged.
What is habeas corpus?
• A Court order that requires
authorities to bring a
person held in jail before
the court to be read his
charges.
• Lincoln suspended this
right during wartime.
• 13,000 Confederate
sympathizers were
arrested and held without
trial.
What were copperheads?
• Northern Democrats
who wanted peace
with the South.
• Many were jailed for
their support of the
South.
What is conscription?
• A Draft that would force
certain members of the
population to serve in the
Army.
• Both the Union and
Confederates had a draft.
• Many who had money
bought their way out of
the draft.
• July 1863- New York
City Draft Riots.
Attacked African
Americans, 100 were
killed.
Who was Mary Chesnut?
• Southerner who kept a
diary during the
American Civil War.
• Represented what life
was like for
Southerners on the
home front.
What was the role of African
Americans during the War?
• Many signed up as Union
soldiers (200,000).
• Most famous was the 54th
Massachusetts.
• Fort Pillow- Confederates
killed hundreds of African
American Union troops.
• Confederacy- many slaves
resisted or ran away to
fight for the Union.
How did the war affect both the
North and South economically?
• South- food shortages
and high prices,
money was worthless
(inflation)
• North- Industries
boomed, Army needed
supplies, wages did
not keep up with
prices, income tax
What was the Civil War medicine
like?
• U.S. Sanitary
Commission- improve
hygiene and recruit and
train nurses.
• Dorothea Dix led the
nurses.
• Field hospitals often had
to amputate limbs.
• Clara Barton- Civil War
nurse who will later create
the American Red Cross
What was Andersonville?
• Confederate prison that
held 33,000 men into 26
acres.
• Committed war crimes
such as starving prisoners
and not giving them water.
• 15% of Union prisoners
died
• 12% of Confederate
prisoners died
• Northern prison camps
were not much better.
What was important about the
battle of Gettysburg?
• Turning point of the war
(July 1863).
• High water mark of the
Confederacy
• 3 day battle that had over
50,000 casualties.
• Little Round Top
• Picketts Charge
• Gives the Union a clear
advantage
• Video Clip: Little Round
Top
What happened at Vicksburg?
• Jul 3 1863- Grant
leads Union to defeat
Confederates in
Vicksburg,
Mississippi.
• Two key victories on
one day Vicksburg and
Gettysburg/
What was the Gettysburg
Address?
• November 1863Lincoln goes to
Gettysburg to dedicate
a cemetery.
• Most famous words in
U.S. History.
• Talks about healing a
nation.
Gettysburg Address
• “Four score and seven years ago our fathers
brought forth on this continent a new nation,
conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the
proposition that all men are created equal… that
we highly resolve that these dead should not have
died in vain—that this nation under God, shall
have another birth of freedom—and that
government of the people, by the people, for the
people, shall not perish from the earth.”
What was Sherman’s March to
the Sea?
• Theory of total war.
• Sherman destroyed all
cities in towns in the
South (Carolinas and
Georgia) in order to
break the Confederacy.
• Strategy criticized
because civilians were
impacted.
What was the election of 1864?
• Race was McClellan
against Lincoln.
• McClellan promised to
end the war, but
Northerners supported
Lincoln.
How did the war end?
• Appomattox Court
House, VA- Lee
surrendered to Grant
in April 1865.
What were the political changes
of the Civil War?
• Increase of federal
power
• New paper currency
and taxation
What were the economic effects
of the Civil War?
• Union war costs were $2.3
billion.
• Confederate war costs
were $1 billion.
• National debt $2.7 billion.
• Union inflation 182%
• Confederate inflation
7,000%.
• National Banking Act- set
up federally chartered
banks.
What were the human costs of
the Civil War?
• 360,000 Union
soldiers killed.
• 260,000 Confederate
soldiers killed.
• 275,000 Union
soldiers wounded.
• 225,000 Confederate
soldiers wounded.
What was the
• Passed in 1865.
• Officially ends
slavery.
th
13 Amendment?
Who was Matthew Brady?
• Famous Civil War
photographer.
• Gave realistic images
to families on the
home front.
What happened to Abraham
Lincoln?
• Assassinated at Ford’s
Theatre by John
Wilkes Booth on April
15th, 1865.
• Booth went on the run
for 12 days until he
was finally killed.
• 1st President to be
assassinated.