Transcript Early Stages of War

The
Civil War
(1861-1865)
Through
Maps, Charts,
Graphs &
Pictures
North vs. South in 1861
North
South
Advantages
?
?
Disadvantages
?
?
Rating the North & the South
Slave/Free States Population,
1861
Railroad Lines, 1860
Resources: North & the
South
The Union & Confederacy in 1861
Men Present for Duty
in the Civil War
Ohio Military Service
Soldiers’ Occupations: North/South
Combined
Immigrants
as a %
of a State’s
Population
in
1860
The Leaders of the Confederacy
Pres. Jefferson Davis
VP Alexander Stevens
The Confederate “White House”
The Confederate Seal
MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator”
A Northern View of Jeff Davis
Overview
of
the North’s
Civil War
Strategy:
“Anaconda”
Plan
The “Anaconda” Plan
Lincoln’s Generals
Winfield Scott
Irwin McDowell
George McClellan
Joseph Hooker
Ambrose Burnside
Ulysses S. Grant
George Meade
George McClellan,
Again!
McClellan: I Can Do It All!
The Confederate Generals
“Stonewall” Jackson
Nathan Bedford
Forrest
George Pickett
Jeb Stuart
James Longstreet
Robert E. Lee
SOUTH
 Advantages
Many experienced officers
 Defending Homeland
 Could produce own food
 Disadvantages
 9 million population – 1/3 enslaved
 More men had to fight – less working to support war effort
 South had 1 factory for arms (Tradegar Iron Works)
 Problems distributing goods – ½ as much rail systems – 1 line east
to west

South Continued
 South had little financial reserves – became worse
over time
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Planters in debt
Banks had little cash reserve
Best chance at revenue (Tariff) – Union blockaded southern
ports
South resorted to paper $ -- Inflation

By the end of the Civil War south had an inflation rate of 9,000%
as compared to the North’s 80%
WEAK SOUTHERN GOVERNMENT
 The CSA established a constitution that emphasized
a (confederation) form of government – this
interfered with Davis’ ability to conduct war
 The states complained about conscription,
suspension of habeas corpus and taxes, -- many
states refused to follow federal policies – practicing
NULLIFICATION
NORTH
 22 million population
 80% of nation’s factories were in the north
 Produced 90% of country’s clothing, tolls, boats, and shoes
 93% of pig iron
 Dupont factories – Delaware – gunpowder
 Controlled the National Treasury
 Revenue from Tariffs
 Banks had large reserves of cash – loaned to government by
selling of bonds
 Legal Tender Act – national currency= paper $
 North had a strong Naval Tradition
 3/4ths of naval officers from the north
 Crews of ships were from the North
 Most of the Navy’s ships were from the North
 All but 1 shipyard under Union Control
Politics of the North
 Lincoln’s Goal was to PRESERVE THE UNION (not
an ABOLITIONIST)
 DEMOCRATS were SPLIT
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War Democrats
Peace Democrats (copperheads)
Conscription
Habeas corpus (suspended in border states)
Diplomatic Challenge
 Outbreak of civil war put the major governments of
Europe in a difficult situation
 North – US did not want Europe to recognize the
CSA – did not want Europe to interfere in the war
 South wanted the exact opposite – placed pressure
on Europe by voluntarily not selling cotton on these
markets – cost them $
 May 1861 – British and French will meet with CSA
Question of Robert E. Lee
 Opposed Secession
 Believed slavery to be evil
 Could not fight against his birthplace of Virginia
 He resigned from the Union as well as 313
officers
 South had a Strong Military Tradition – 7/8
military colleges located in the south
1st MODERN WAR
 Tactics
 Organize troops into tight lines/ columns go on the offensive
 March towards enemy – firing in mass volleys
 Get close enough to charge – hand to hand combat
Conoidal bullets
 Trenches/ barricades
 War of Attrition – wearing down of 1 side through exhaustion of
soldiers and resources

Early Stages of War
Mobilization of Troops
 1st months of war – Lincoln was under great pressure
to strike against the South
 General PGT Bouregard (CSA) gathering troops 25
miles south of Washington DC – near Manassas
Junction –
 Lincoln hoped for a quick end to conflict
1st Battle of Bull Run
 1st Stage – success for Union – push confederates back past
the stream – Bull Run ( Stone Wall Jackson)
 2nd stage – success for the South – Confederate
reinforcements arrive – Union falls back – retreats
 Lesson – made it clear to the north that they would need a
large well trained army and the war would not be short
Battle of Bull Run
(1st Manassas)
July, 1861
Attitude concerning War
 Lincoln calls for 500,000 troops – needed men for 3
years
 Attitude –
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CSA – Conscription
Union – Bounty
• Militia Act
Naval War
 April 1861 Lincoln proclaims a blockade on all
Southern Ports – by 1862 all ports sealed save
Wilmington & Charleston
 As time went on – blockade successful
 South used Blockade Runners – helped in shipping
goods --- (manufactured products)
 Shipped much less than before war
Britain Interferes
 Sell two warships to the south – Alabama Claims and the
Florida – together --- they sink 102 Union ships -- Farragut Captures New Orleans --- he is placed in charge of
42 warships, and 15,000 foot soldiers under command of
Benjamin Butler

60 years old an Veteran of 1812 & Mexican Wars
Stages of Battle on the Miss. River
Early April Farragut – bombards forts – his attacks
failed
April 24th – sailed down MR in Single File Line
Arrived in New Orleans April 25th
Six Days Later Conquered New Orleans
** MR under Union Control & Divided CSA
War in the West
 Under the Command of General Ulysses S. Grant
 Ordered to take control of the Cumberland and Tennessee
Rivers and split the east/ west rail lines at Corinth --Seized Forts Henry & Fort Donaldson
 Split lines at Corinth
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*** April 6th 1862 --- Shiloh – Surprise attack by Confederates on
Union troops – High Casualties – 20,000 – Grant – desk job
Murfreesboro
 Braxton Bragg – led Confederate troops into KTY – wanted
t stage a proconfederate uprising – not successful
 Defeated at Perryville by Don Carlos Buell – cut rail lines –
slow movement into Tennessee – to chase Confederates –
Buell replaced – with William Rosecrans – heads south into
Tennessee – Bragg attacks the Union at Murfeesboro – 4
day battle -- stalemate
War in West going Well for Union
 Defeated South at New Orleans
 Captured Rivers
 Captured Corinth, Perryville, Murfreesboro, Shiloh
 Blockade of the ports going well
Civil War Continued
War in the East: 1861-1862
George B. McClellan
 Appointed to lead the army of the Potomac – or the
Union army in Virginia
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McClellan and the slows– he drilled his men for half a year
before he went to battle
“Seven Days Battle” – a series of battles where the Union
forces try to capture Richmond. (June 25 – July 1 1862) victory
for the Confederates!
 Second Battle of Bull Run – another resounding victory for
the ConfederateS & now Lee decided to enter into enemy
soil
 McClellan has a tremendous stroke of luck – found Lee’s
army orders wrapped around a bunch of cigars
 ANTIETAM – Bloodiest single day in American history –
Casualties totaled more than 26,000 – happened
September 17, 1862 in Maryland – Stalemate – Union
victory because CSA - retreats
Battle of Antietam
“Bloodiest Single Day of the War”
September 17, 1862
23,000 casualties
 Emancipation Proclamation – because of the Union
victory at Antietam – Lincoln presents to the public
his Emancipation Proclamation (Military Tactic)
 States – slaves are free in all states that are in
rebellion against the USA(Union)
 What about border states?
Emancipation in 1863
The
Emancipation
Proclamation
The Southern View of Emancipation
African-American Recruiting Poster
African-American Recruiting Poster
African-Americans
in Civil War Battles
Black Troops Freeing Slaves
August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert
Gould Shaw