Transcript UNIT 7: MILITARY CONFLICT

UNIT 7: MILITARY CONFLICT
LESSON 7.5: THE CIVIL WAR
Part 3: The Early Stages
Focus
 What are the advantages of both the North and South in
fighting the Civil War?
 What are the disadvantages of the North and South in
fighting the Civil War?
 Summarize the strategies for victory for both the North and
South.
 What impact did technology and improvement in weaponry
have on the Civil War?
 What do you know about the Emancipation Proclamation?
Introduction
 Both the North and the South developed strategies to win the
Civil War. Both sides, however, experienced military
setbacks and high casualties early in the war. President
Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation and put
ending slavery at the heart of the Union war effort.
conscription
The First Battle of Bull Run
 In the early days of the Civil War,
Lincoln was under pressure to strike
quickly against the South to end the
conflict.
 At Bull Run in northern Virginia, a
Union attack on Confederate forces at
first seemed to go well.
 Then, Confederate reinforcements, led
by Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson, arrived
 Union General McDowell decided to
fall back. His retreat quickly turned to
panic.
 The Union defeat at Bull Run made it
clear that the North needed a large,
well-trained army to defeat the South!
AP 1
 What were the consequences of the First Battle of Bull Run?
Mobilizing the Troops
 Excitement about the war inspired many Northerners and Southerners to
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enlist.
However, as the war dragged on, and more casualties occurred, fewer men
enlisted.
This forced both sides to turn to conscription.
In 1862 the South began its draft for all white men between the ages of 18-35.
Exemptions were made for government workers, teachers, and planters with at
least 20 slaves.
The North tried to enlist men by offering a bounty, or sum of money as a bonus
to people who signed for up to three years.
Congress passed the Militia Act in 1862 empowering Lincoln to call up the state
militias into federal service.
In 1863, Congress introduced the national draft.
AP 2
 Once sentence: Conscription
The Naval War
 President Lincoln wanted to
blockade all Confederate ports
to hurt the South’s economy. By
early 1862, the Union navy had
blockaded all ports on the
Atlantic coast except
Charleston, South Carolina, and
Wilmington, North Carolina.
 Union ships found it difficult to
stop all the blockade runnersor small fast ships- that the
South used to smuggle goods
past the Union blockade.
 These ships allowed some of its
cotton to reach Europe in
exchange for supplies to fight.
The Naval War
 The south also attacked Northern
merchant ships with warships. Two
of the warships had been built by
Britain. The damage done by these
ships strained relations between the
USA and Great Britain.
 As its ships closed Southern ports,
the Union began to prepare to take
over New Orleans to control the
southern Mississippi river.
 In April, 1862, David Farragut led
Union forces and bombarded
Confederate forts in the lower
Mississippi river. He then captured
New Orleans.
AP 3
 Why was the capture of New Orleans important for the
Union?
The War in the West
 The Union was victorious in several
battles in the west. Union General
Grant seized Fort Henry and Fort
Donelson on the Tennessee and
Cumberland rivers.
 This put Kentucky and most of western
Tennessee under Union control.
 Grant continued down the Tennessee to
attack Corinth, Mississippi.
Confederate troops attacked Grants
forces at Shiloh. Grant turns the
surprise attack into a Union victory
when he mounted an offensive and
forced the Confederates to retreat. The
battle resulted in heavy casualties.
 Lincoln: “I cannot spare this man; he
fights!”
The War in the West
 Confederate General Braxton Bragg
and his troops attempted to invade
Kentucky.
 Union General Buell stopped them at
Perryville. Lincoln then ordered Buell
to capture Chattanooga and cut off the
railroad there.
 This would deprive Confederate Forces
of vital food supplies.
 Buell’s slow progress caused Lincoln to
replace him with General Rosecrans.
 Braggs forces attacked near
Murfreesboro, but when
reinforcements arrived, Bragg
retreated.
AP 4
 Note to buddy
The War in the East
 Union General McClellan
launched the Peninsular
Campaign to take Richmond.
 McClellan advanced
cautiously and allowed his
troops to separate, giving
General Johnston’s
Confederate forces the
chance to attack and cause
heavy casualties.
 Robert E. Lee attacked the
Union army in the Seven
Days Battle, forcing a Union
retreat.
The Battle of Antietam
 Lee’s forces then attacked Union
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army defending Washington,
leading to the Second Battle of
Bull Run.
Lee’s army then crossed into
Maryland.
Reasons:
End the war
Convince GB and France to
align with confederacy
Get troops out of south during
harvest.
McClellan’s troops took position
at Antietam Creek
The Battle of Antietam
 Antietam was the bloodiest
battle of the Civil War up to that
point.
 A Confederate defeat convinced
Lincoln that it was time to end
slavery in order to justify the
amount of human loss.
 5 days later, he announced that
the Emancipation Proclamation
would free all enslaved persons
in states of rebellion.
 This turned the Civil War from a
war to preserve the Union, to a
war of liberation!
AP 5
 What is the historical significance of the Battle of Antietam?
Activity
 Glory
Learning log
 In your Journal, summarize what you have learned about the
early stages of the Civil War.
 What was the significance of the first Battle of Bull Run?
 How did the battle of Shiloh influence general grants reputation?
 Why did lee decide to invade the north?
 What is the significance of the Battle of Antietam?