Transcript First Battle of Bull Run

Chapter 15
THE CIVIL WAR
Section 2
THE FIRST BATTLE OF BULL
RUN
“You are green, it is true, but
they are green also; you are all
green alike.”
President Abraham Lincoln
First Battle of Bull Run
• The First Battle of Bull Run, also
known as the First Battle of
Manassas, took place on July 21,
1861.
• First battle of the Civil War.
• General McDowell lead the
Northern Troops
• General Beauregard lead the
Southern Troops.
The
Washingtonians
were so sure the
battle would be
short, that they
packed a picnic
lunch to eat on
the nearby
hilltop.
This poster
Illustrates such a
picnic, as well as,
the flags of the
North and South.
First Battle of Bull Run
• July 21st 1861 Lincoln
sent McDowell and
35,000 barely trained
troops south to the
Confederate capital of
Richmond
• 22,000 troops under
the command of
Beauregard were
waiting for McDowell
along a creek called
Bull Run
First Battle of Bull Run
• For two days, Union troops tried to find a
way around Beauregard to get to
Richmond
• Beauregard called for assistance and
Gen. Johnston arrived with 10,000 more
troops
• They met the morning of July 21 and
Union forces drove back the Confederate
line
• One Confederate line held firm
“There stands Jackson like a
stone wall! Rally behind the
Virginians!”
First Battle of Bull Run
• Confederate troops began to rally and
push Union troops back
• After 10 hours of fighting, weary Union
troops gave up and retreated towards
Washington, D.C.
• The roads were flooded with the carriages
of picnickers and the Union army
descended into chaos
Results of the Battle
Thomas
Jackson earned the nickname
“Stonewall”.
Union suffered 3,000 casualties
Confederates suffered 2,000 casualties
Lincoln replaced McDowell with George
B. McClellan.
Shattered the North’s hopes of winning
the war quickly.
Chapter 15
THE CIVIL WAR
Section 2
SEVEN DAYS’ BATTLES
SECOND BATTLE OF BULL RUN
ANTIETAM
*George McClellan –
appointed commander of
the Union army of the East
(a.k.a. the Army of the
Potomac). Transformed
inexperienced troops into
soldiers; however, he was
too cautious. He became a
national joke when
newspapers repeatedly
reported, “all quiet along the
Potomac.”
War in the East: 1861-1862
Seven Days’ Battles
• McClellan leads the
Army of the Potomac
south to attack
Richmond
• On June 26, 1862 Lee
attacks McClellan and
over seven days forces
the Union army to
retreat from near
Richmond
Second Battle of Bull Run
• Frustrated, Lincoln
orders Gen. Pope
to attack Richmond
• “Stonewall”
Jackson met
Pope’s army
August of 1862 for
the three day long
Second Battle of
Bull Run
• The Confederates
win again
Battle of Antietam
“Bloodiest Single Day of the War”
September 17, 1862
After—Confederate
dead on the
Hagerstown Road
23,000 casualties
Battle of Antietam – one of two Civil War battles
fought in the North (at Antietam, Maryland).
Confederate’s goal is to convince Maryland to
join the Confederacy. Union soldiers find a copy
of Lee’s battle plan to attack Harper’s Ferry and
McClellan plans a counterattack.
Antietam Creek...
Battle of Antietam - The two armies clash along
Antietam Creek on September 17, 1862. By end of
day over 23,000 casualties. Lee lost 1/4 of his
army.
During the battle...
After—Confederate dead
on the Hagerstown Road
Battle of Antietam - More soldiers were killed and
wounded at the Battle of Antietam than the
deaths of ALL Americans in the Am. Rev., War
of 1812, and Mexican-American War
COMBINED.
After - dead near Little
Dunker Church
After- dead in Antietam
Creek
Results –
• 12,410 Union deaths
• 10,700 Confederates deaths
• After many attempts to make Lincoln fires McClellan...
McClellan move, Lincoln fires
McClellan
• Lee did not achieve goals of
bringing Maryland into the
Confederacy or invading the
North successfully
• Lincoln views Antietam as a win
and starts to prepare his
Emancipation Proclamation-->
free all slaves in Confederacy
Chapter 15
THE CIVIL WAR
Section 2
UNION BLOCKADE
MONITOR VS. VIRGINIA
North’s
Civil War
Strategy:
“Anaconda”
Plan -->
The North’s plan to
cut off supplies to the
South through naval
blockades.
The “Anaconda” Plan
Squeeze
the
South’s
economy
Snake
around
the
South’s
coast
Confederate Blockade Runners
Is the Anaconda Plan working so far?
• Confederates
used small, fast
ships to outrun
Union Warships.
Most traveled to
Bahamas for
supplies.
• Before blockade:
6,000 ships per
yr. at port
• After blockade:
800 ships per yr.
at port
*Merrimack –
abandoned
Union ship
that
Confederates
covered with
iron plates
and recommissioned
as CSS
Virginia.
Monitor – one of the Union’s metal ships
that outmaneuvered the CSS Virginia
(Union Merrimack).
Gun
Turret
The Battle of the Ironclads,
March, 1862
The Monitor vs.
the Virginia
Monitor vs. Virginia
• March 1862- The Virginia was
sinking Union wooden warships in
Hampton Roads, Virginia
• Monitor met the Virginia in
Hampton Roads
• Fought for several hours, neither
received serious damage, but the
Virginia retreated
• The days of wooden warships
were over!!!
Damage on the Deck of the Monitor