Transcript Chapter 2 The Civil War 1861-1865

The Civil War
1861-1865
Part 2
New Weapons
1. Rifles replaced muskets
2. Shells and canisters were dev.
3. Submarines—the Hunley, a
Confederate sub, sank the Union ship
Houstatonic, but the Hunley sank also.
4. Hot air Balloons—Thaddeus Lowe
organized a balloon corps in the
Union Army. Captive observation
balloons were used to direct artillery
fire and to report Confederate troop
movements.
5.
Ironclad ships:
Monitor &
Merrimack
War in the West
Fighting in Arkansas, Tennessee,
Mississippi and Louisiana is
generally referred to as the “War
in the West”.
The most successful Union general
in the West was Grant.
February 1882, 2 Confederate
forts surrendered.
Fort Henry
Fort Donelson
Nashville was the first major
southern city to fall to the Union
Army.
Battle of Shiloh
Grant defeated Johnston’s
Confederate troops. Johnston was
killed and replaced by
Beauregard. This battle made it
clear that the war would be long
and costly.
Action on the Mississippi River
April 1862 a naval squadron commanded
by David Farragut fought its way past two
forts to force the surrender of New
Orleans.
“Damned the torpedoes, full speed ahead.”
This statement was made during his
attack on Mobile Bay.
War in the East
Monitor and Merrimack
March 8, 1862, the Merrimack (Virginia)
sank 2 ships and ran 3 others aground.
The Merrimack returned the next day but
found the Monitor waiting.
Monitor- “cheese box on a
raft.” The two ships were called
ironclads, because they were
covered with iron.
The two ships battled for 3 hours
but their shells had little effect on
either vessel. The battle ended in
a draw. These were the first
armor-plated ships. It was the
first sea battle in which the ships
were maneuvered entirely under
steam power.
Battle of Antietam
Lee decided to invade the North.
He hoped a victory on Union soil
would:
1—gain support in Europe for the
South
2—turn Northern public opinion
against the war.
Battle of Antietam