Transcript Ch. 11 Civil War

Ch. 9 Civil War
Section 2 The Early Stages
Key: (U) Union, (C) Confederate
Mobilizing the Troops
• Lincoln under pressure to strike quickly
• Confederate troops were gathering 25mi. south
(Manassas Junction)
• Union pushed (C) back ~Bull Run~
• South reinforcements came in under Thomas J. Jackson
“Stonewall”
• Union fell back
• (U) defeated at the 1st battle of Bull Run
• Significance: Pointed out (U) needed a well trained
army
• 1863 congress introduced a national draft
Battle of Bull Run
(1st Manassas)
July, 1861
The Naval War
• Union Navy became operational against the south
• 1861 Lincoln proclaimed a blockade of Confederate Ports
• 1862 Union sealed off every major S. Harbor along Atlantic Coast
except Charleston SC and Wilmington NC
• Blockade:
• (blockade runners): small fast vessels the south used to smuggle
goods past the blockade usually at night
• Blockade effective as time passed-Union vessels were thinly spread
and found it difficult to stop runners
• (C) ships in foreign ports attacked N. merchant ships at sea
• Alabama and Florida-destroyed 28 merchant ships
• Captured 64 ships before a (U) warship sank it off the coast of France
1864
Farragut Captures New Orleans
• (U) was preparing to seize New Orleans and gain control
of the Lower Mississippi
• Feb. 1862 David Farragut took command of (U) forces
led by Gen. Benjamin Butler
• Bombarded S. forts with no success
• At 2am April 24,1862 ships headed up river, single file,
exposing themselves to attack- all but four ships
survived
• April 25, 1862 he arrived at New Orleans- Butler’s troops
took control of the city
• Significance: South’s largest city-center of cotton trade
The Monitor vs.
the Merrimac
The Battle of the Ironclads,
The War in the West
• Grant began a campaign to seize control of two rivers the
Cumberland River and Tennessee River
• Control of the two would give (U) a route deep into (C) territory
• 1st Grant seized Ft. Henry, surrounded Ft. Donelson and Ft. Henry
• Shiloh
• Grant’s next move was to seize Corinth Mississippi
• Would cut the only rail line connecting Mississippi and W. Tennessee
• April 6,1862 (C) launched a surprise attack on Grant’s troops near Shiloh
(sm. Church)
• Grant raced to battle (U) forced back-rushed rushed around battlefield and
assembled a defensive line fighting off repeated (C) attacks
• Grant’s commanders advised him to retreat-he refused-went on the
offensive the next day
• Shiloh shocked people-20,000 were killed or wounded
War in the West
• Murfreesboro
• (C) troops evacuated-shifted east by railroad to Chattanooga
placed under command of Braxton Bragg-into Kentucky
• Kentucky invasion failed-stopped at the Battle of Perryville
• Buell (U) ordered to seize Chattanooga
• He was slow-Lincoln fired him-replaced with Rosecrans (U) lines fell
back-ended inconclusively
• 4 days later Bragg retreated
The War in the East
• Major campaign to capture Richmond
• General George McClellan lead (U) army
• Moved his troops by ship to the mouth of the James River
• Cautious-unwilling to attack without overwhelming strength
• Mistake #1-took to long to capture Yorktown-(C) had time to move into
position at Richmond
• Mistake #2-allowed his forces to be divided by Chickahominy River
• (C) Johnston- attacked, inflicted heavy casualties
• He was wounded put Lee in command
• June 1862 Lee begins Seven Days Battle
• Heavy casualties-forced McClellan to retreat
• Lincoln ordered withdrawal
The War in the East
• Second Battle of Bull Run
• McClellan withdrew-Lee decided to attack near Washington
• Led to another Bull Run
• South forced north to retreat-Lee crossed into Maryland began attack
on North
• Battle of Antietam
• Jefferson Davis and Robert E. Lee decided an invasion would
result in North accepting Southern independence, British
recognition and support and Peace Democrats winning a
midterm election
• September 17, 1862-McClellan order his troops to attack
• Bloodiest 1 day battle
• (U) inflicted so many casualties Lee forced to retreat
• Crucial victory for (U)
September 17, 1862
23,000 casualties
Emancipation Proclamation
• Democrats opposed to ending slavery
• Republicans divided
• Many abolitionists
• Others thought it risky
• North began thinking slavery had to end b/c it would punish the
south and justify soldiers sacrifices
• Lincoln said if the (U) drove the south from north soil he would
issue a proclamation
• Sept. 22, 1862 Lincoln publicly announced Emancipation
Proclamation
• Only freed slaves in the states at war with the Union
• Transferred the War into a war of liberation
Emancipation in 1863