Transcript How does new technology impact the war?

The Civil War
Bell Ringer
What was the Confederate
strategy and what was the
Union strategy for winning the
Civil War?
How does new technology
impact the war?
New Technologies + old strategies =
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More DEATHs (620,000 Americans Died)
Ironclads
Minie Ball
Gatling Gun
More soldiers died of
diseases, like dysentery
rather than bullets
Union Strategies in the West
• Ulysses S. Grant
–Commander of
Union in the
West
• Victories West
would give Grant
passage into the
South and control
of the Mississippi
Battle of Shiloh: April 6-7 1862
• Grant vs. Albert Sydney
Johnston
• Pittsburgh Landing,
Tenn.
• Worst fighting of the
war yet
• Union: 13,000
dead/wounded (1/4 of
those who fought)
• Confederacy: 11,000 out
of 41,000
Fall of New Orleans
• April 25, 1862
• Union fleet captured
N.O.
– The South’s largest
city
• All but 150 miles of
the Miss. River
belonged to the Union
• Vicksburg only
remaining stronghold
HOMESTEAD ACT of 1862
• The Union used the following as a strategy to keep
Southerners from fighting, the Law stated;
• Any U.S. citizen, or intended citizen, who had
never borne arms against the U.S. Government
could file an application and lay claim to 160 acres
Government land.
• For the next 5 years, the homesteader had to live
on the land and improve it by building dwelling
and growing crops.
• After 5 years, the homesteader could file for their
deed by submitting proof of residency and the
required improvements to a local land office.
Lee Claims Victories in the
East
• 1st Battle of Bull Run
• 7 Days Battles: June
25 – July 1, 1862
• Lee stopped McClellan
from invading
Richmond
• Aug. 1862: 2nd Battle of
Bull Run
• Union withdrew to D.C.
Lee Invades the North: Why?
Reasons Why:
1- A Confederate victory in
the North would make
Lincoln seek peace.
2- Allow Virginia Farmers
to harvest
3- Plundering of the North’s
food supplies
4- Get Europeans believing
the South could win
Lead up to Antietam
• Lincoln needs a victory.
• A victory in Maryland for Lee
could inspire a pro-Confederate
uprising.
• NEUTRAL BORDER STATES
LIKE; Maryland, Delaware,
Kentucky, & Missouri were key
factors in the outcome of the
war.
• Union soldiers find Lee’s battle
plans.
– They were wrapped around some
cigars.
Battle of Antietam: Sharpsburg, Maryland
• Sept. 17, 1862
• Lee vs. McClellan
• McClellan had Lee’s
battle plans & didn’t
take advantage
• Bloodiest single day battle
in all of U.S. history
• No ground gained by
either side
• Est. 25,000 dead or
wounded
About this
many
Americans
died at
Antietam.
Battle of Antietam Cont.
• Lee retreated to
Virginia
• McClellan didn’t
follow
– By being cautious,
he blew a chance
to finish Lee off
• Lincoln fired him
in Nov. 1862
Bell Ringer
What was the Emancipation
Proclamation?
Why was it important?
Emancipation Proclamation
• Jan. 1, 1863
• Freed all slaves in areas
of open rebellion
• Was justified by the
Constitution as an implied
power ,“military action”
• War now had 2 purposes:
Preserve the Union,
Liberation of Slavery
Split Opinions over Proclamation
Against
• Didn’t free any slaves
For
• Statement against
slavery
– Rebellious states didn’t
recognize Lincoln’s
• Frederick Douglas
authority
•
British
were
split
– Slaves in loyal states were
• Redefined the war
not freed
– It was now about slavery
• Republicans: thought it
didn’t go far enough
• African Americans eager
to join the Union
• Democrats: thought it was
too extreme
African American Soldiers
• The Emancipation
would allow African
Americans to enlist
• Not Equal as soldiersGiven worse jobs
than whites, lower
paid
• 54th Mass.
– Lead by Col. Robert
Shaw
– Achieved fame at
Fort Wagner
• Killed if captured
Bell Ringer
What impact do you
th
think the 54
Massachusetts has on
the Civil War?
Explain.
Siege of Vicksburg: July 4, 1863
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Last Rebel stronghold
on the Mississippi
River
Grant besieged the
city for 10 months
City surrendered on
July 4
IMPORTANCE
1. Union controlled the
Miss. R.
2. South split in 2
• Gettysburg &
Vicksburg = turning
point in favor of Union