Transcript Chapter 21
The Civil War (1861-1865) The “Anaconda” Plan The East Goal – Take Richmond Armies – Army of N. Virginia (S) Army of the Potomac (N) The West Goal – Control the Mississippi River July 21, 1861 Manassas, VA Union plan: attack, win, march to Richmond Results Confederates victorious North now takes war seriously and mobilizes all society to fight McDowell North Suffers a number of losses First Bull Run The Peninsula Campaign The Battles of the Seven Days (Lee Takes Command) Second Bull Run McClellan Pope June 25 – July 1, 1862 Lee takes command Six Major battles (10 total) Confed. General Lee vs. Union General McClellan- CAUTIOUS Confederates pushed McClellan’s army back down the peninsula Fall 1862 Lee’s Plan – Win a major battle on Northern soil – convince Europeans to join fight Still a very real possibility Lee vs. McClellan Lee able to withdraw, when McClellan failed to follow Tactical Draw; Stopped advance towards D.C. But Considered a Win by the North IMPACT OF BATTLE IS HUGE Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day In America’s History” September 17, 1862 23,000 casualties Convinces Lincoln to up the ante Called for the freeing of all slaves in states in rebellion against the Union Justification – They are being used to prolong the war – deny Southerners a weapon of war Could keep slaves if come back to Union by 1/1/1863 Not enforced in the border states Removed chances of negotiation between north and south Made the Civil War a moral war – Almost guarantees Europeans will not enter the war The Emancipation Proclamation The Southern View of Emancipation Black Troops Freeing Slaves McClellan replaced with General Burnside after Antietam Battle of Fredericksburg, VA (12/13/1862) Union defeated Gen. Burnside replaced with General Hooker Battle of Chancellorsville, VA (May 1863) Union defeated “Stonewall” Jackson mortally wounded General Hooker replaced by General Meade By 1863 Lee realized that the war is draining Southern resources and manpower. Must end the war quickly. Goal: Win victory on Northern Soil or threaten major Northern cities and force North to seek a truce Most Casualties of any battle (50,000) Hurts South more – running out of men Major turning point of the war Union victory After Battle Lee can only fight a defensive war to delay the inevitable. Slowly losing resources to continue the fight no chance of foreign aid Gettysburg Casualties War in the west was not covered as much as war in the east but was very successful for the North The War in the West, 1863: Vicksburg Started as Union volunteer Captured Ft. Henry and Ft. Donelson in Feb 1862 Battle of Shiloh April 1862 Given command at Vicksburg Union Victory Union victory July 4th, 1863 Control of Mississippi River for rest of war Lincoln finds the man to defeat Lee. Became Lieutenant General of U.S. Army. Understand modern war Captured and burned Atlanta in September 1864 Captured Savannah December 1864 Captured and burned Columbia February 1865 Purpose to destroy supplies and lower morale Also understands modern war – makes war on resources – Total War 1864 Election Pres. Lincoln (R) George McClellan (D) Democratic Split War Democrats: Pro-Lincoln Peace Democrats: – Anti-Lincoln Copperheads Radical peace democrats Vallandigham – Banished to South 1864 Copperhead Campaign Poster Presidential Election Results: 1864 1864 – 65 - War of Attrition Grant vs Lee The Final Virginia Campaign: 1864-1865 Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865 Casualties on Both Sides Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars April 14th, 1865 Ford’s Theater (DC) John Wilkes Booth Andrew Johnson takes over as president The worst Thing that could have happened to the South Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865) The Assassin John Wilkes Booth The Assassination WANTED~~!! Now He Belongs to the Ages! The Execution